Battle of Port Hudson - Civil War Battle of Port Hudson

Skirmish of Port Hudson - Civil War Battle of Port Hudson The Battle of Port Hudson kept going from May 22 to July 9, 1863, during the American Civil War (1861-1865) and saw Union soldiers last assume responsibility for the whole of the Mississippi River. Having caught New Orleans and Memphis in mid 1862, Union powers looked to open the Mississippi River and split the Confederacy in two. With an end goal to keep this from happening, Confederate soldiers braced key areas at Vicksburg, MS and Port Hudson, LA. The catch of Vicksburg was entrusted to Major General Ulysses S. Award. Having just won triumphs at Fort Henry, Fort Donelson, and Shiloh, he started tasks against Vicksburg in late 1862. A New Commander As Grant initiated his battle against Vicksburg, the catch of Port Hudson was alloted to Major General Nathaniel Banks. The authority of the Department of the Gulf, Banks had taken order at New Orleans in December 1862 when he alleviated Major General Benjamin Butler. Progressing in May 1863 on the side of Grants exertion, his chief order was the huge Union XIX Corps. This was contained four divisions drove by Brigadier General Cuvier Grover, Brigadier General W. H. Emory, Major General C. C. Betoken, and Brigadier General Thomas W. Sherman. Port Hudson Prepares The thought for sustaining Port Hudson originated from General P.G.T. Beauregard in mid 1862. Surveying barriers along the Mississippi, he felt that the towns telling statures which disregarded a fastener turn in the stream gave the perfect area to batteries. Furthermore, the wrecked territory outside of Port Hudson, which contained gorges, marshes, and woods, helped make the town amazingly solid. Structure of Port Hudsons safeguards was administered by Captain James Nocquet who served on the staff of Major General John C. Breckinridge. Development was at first coordinated by Brigadier General Daniel Ruggles and proceeded by Brigadier General William Nelson Rector Beall. Work pushed on during that time however delays resulted as Port Hudson had no rail get to. On December 27, Major General Franklin Gardner showed up to assume responsibility for the army. He immediately attempted to upgrade the strongholds and built streets to encourage troop development. Gardners endeavors initially delivered profits in March 1863 when most of Rear Admiral David G. Farraguts group was kept from passing Port Hudson. In the battling, USS Mississippi (10 weapons) was lost.â Armed forces Commanders Association Significant General Nathaniel Banks30,000 to 40,000 men Confederate Significant General Franklin Gardneraround 7,500 men Introductory Moves In moving toward Port Hudson, Banks dispatched three divisions west with the objective of diving the Red River and removing the army from the north. To help this exertion, two extra divisions would come nearer from the south and east. Arriving at Bayou Sara on May 21, Augur progressed toward the intersection of the Plains Store and Bayou Sara Roads. Experiencing Confederate powers under Colonels Frank W. Forces and William R. Miles, Augur and Union mounted force drove by Brigadier General Benjamin Grierson locked in. In the subsequent Battle of Plains Store, Union soldiers prevailing with regards to driving the foe back to Port Hudson. Banks Attacks Arriving on May 22, Banks and different components from his order immediately progressed against Port Hudson and successfully had encircled the town by that night. Restricting Banks Army of the Gulf were around 7,500 men driven by Major General Franklin Gardner. These were sent in the broad arrangement of strongholds that ran for four and half miles around Port Hudson. The evening of May 26, Banks held a gathering of war to talk about an assault for the next day. Pushing ahead the following day, Union powers progressed over troublesome landscape towards the Confederate lines. Starting around sunrise, Union weapons opened on Gardners lines with extra discharge originating from US Navy warships in the waterway. As the day progressed, Banks men directed a progression of ungraceful attacks against the Confederate edge. These fizzled and his order supported substantial misfortunes. The battling on May 27 saw the principal battle for a few African-American regiments in Banks armed force. Among those executed was Captain Andre Cailloux, a liberated slave, who was presenting with the first Louisiana Native Guards. Battling proceeded until sunset when endeavors were made to recover the injured. A Second Attempt The Confederate firearms quickly started shooting the following morning until Banks raised a banner of ceasefire and requested that authorization expel his injured from the field. This was allowed and battling continued around 7:00 PM. Persuaded that Port Hudson must be taken by attack, Banks started developing works around the Confederate lines. Burrowing through the initial fourteen days of June, his men gradually pushed their lines nearer to the adversary fixing the ring around the city. Emplacing overwhelming weapons, Union powers started a precise siege of Gardners position. Trying to end the attack, Banks started getting ready for another ambush. On June 13, the Union firearms opened with an overwhelming siege which was bolstered by Farraguts ships in the waterway. The following day, after Gardner declined an interest to give up, Banks requested his men forward. The Union arrangement called for troops under Grover to assault on the right, while Brigadier General William Dwight ambushed on the left. In the two cases, the Union development was spurned with overwhelming misfortunes. After two days, Banks called for volunteers for a third ambush, however couldn't get adequate numbers. The Siege Continues After June 16, battling around Port Hudson calmed as the two sides attempted to improve their lines and casual ceasefires happened between the contradicting enrolled men. As time passed, Gardners gracefully circumstance turned out to be progressively frantic. Association powers proceeded to gradually push their lines ahead and sharpshooters terminated on the unwary. With an end goal to break the halt, Dwights designing official, Captain Joseph Bailey, administered the development of a mine under a slope known as the Citadel. Another was started on Grovers front reaching out under Priest Cap. The last mine was finished on July 7 and it was loaded up with 1,200 pounds of dark powder. With development of the mines completed, it was Banks expectation to explode them on July 9. With the Confederate lines in a ruins, his men were to make another attack. This demonstrated superfluous as news arrived at his base camp on July 7 that Vicksburg had given up three days sooner. With this adjustment in the vital circumstance, just as with his provisions almost depleted and no expectation of help, Gardner dispatched an appointment to examine Port Hudsons give up the following day. An understanding was arrived at that evening and the battalion officially gave up on July 9. Outcome During the Siege of Port Hudson, Banks endured around 5,000 slaughtered and injured while Gardners order caused 7,208 (approx. 6,500 caught). The triumph at Port Hudson opened the whole length of the Mississippi River to Union traffic and cut off the western conditions of the Confederacy. With the catch of the Mississippi complete, Grant turned his concentrate east soon thereafter to manage the aftermath from the annihilation at Chickamauga. Showing up at Chattanooga, he prevailing with regards to driving off Confederate powers that November at the Battle of Chattanooga.

Vygotsky and Paigets Perspective of Learning

The scholars, Piaget and Vygotsky both had sees on the essentialness of learning and the job of play, which they considered being a urgent piece of a child’s advancement. In spite of the fact that they had comparable perspectives, they contrasted as far as what kids do when they play (Drewery and Bird, 2004). This exposition underpins learning openings and instances of children’s play through understanding, occasions and collaborations with individuals, spots and things. Piaget clarified the significance of learning through play, where youngsters investigated and tested for themselves with insignificant grown-up connections. He considered advancement experienced four phases: sensori-engine, pre-operational, concrete operational and the formal operational stage. (Papalia, Olds and Feldman, 2004). The sensori-engine period (0-2 years) is the first stage, as the infant’s connections depend on investigating their condition through their faculties and capacities to rehearse patterns, for example, getting a handle on and sucking, this likewise included practice play as the newborn child can rehash activities consistently yet with no expectation. This stage follows on to the pre-operational stage (2-7) where children’s language is growing quickly, permitting them to communicate. They are beginning to utilize imagine play and equal play which implies youngsters are talking however it isn't coordinated to other people. This likewise implies they just observe the world in their terms, they are egocentric (Drewery and Bird, 2004). The solid activity (7-11) and the formal operational (11-grown-up) periods are the third and fourth stages. These are not considered in youth training however are as yet significant as they can contemplate circumstances and comprehend their reality (Pulaski, 1980). In any case, Vygotsky contended in an unexpected way. He suggested that kids are social students and like to investigate and find new things with the assistance of grown-ups and peers. This was platform and the zone of proximal turn of events (ZPD). He likewise considered culture environmental factors, language and thinking (Whitebread, 2003 refered to in Beaumont, 2002). He figured youngsters could perform preferred with others over all alone. This is appeared through the ZPD, the distinction between what youngsters can do alone and with assistance. Like Piaget, Vygotsky accepted there were things that kids couldn’t comprehend. In any case, Vygotsky accepted that given legitimate assistance kids could perform what Piaget would consider, impractical. Framework in any case, implied that all together for a youngster to learn, an increasingly capable grown-up or companion can help backing and guide the child’s learning through the ZPD until the kid can carry out the responsibility alone which enables the kid to utilize private discourse, a method of comprehension is to converse with themselves and furthermore to reason, issue explain, broaden memory and creative mind aptitudes (Woolfolk, 2004 refered to by Educational Psychology, n. d. ). Vygotsky thought about social environmental factors, language and thinking to be significant. He said for youngsters to learn, they have to cooperate through correspondence with others. This was clarified through social impacts and what was significant inside each setting. Language is a piece of culture, which is the way to correspondence about traditions and information on individuals. Through social apparatuses, for example, books and TV, we could help expand children’s relational abilities with others in their condition (Tauranga Regional Free Kindergarten Association, 2003). These scholars can bolster learning openings inside Aotearoa through encounters, occasions, and connections with individuals, spots and things. For Piaget be that as it may, his initial two phases are just considered in youth training (Nuttall, 2003). Piaget thinks about that kids learn best when their left to find their reality without anyone else through hands-on inclusion however grown-ups need to give invigorating exercises inside their condition (Hedges, 2003). The Aotearoa setting gives youngsters the autonomy to encounter and find out about what they appreciate all alone through encounters, occasions and associations, with little management. It additionally urges them to investigate and create information and abilities at their own pace. Service of Education (1998) states that, ‘Educators should improve children’s learning and advancement through expanding children’s thinking and activities through delicate and educated direction, intercessions and backing (p. 19). Piaget’s practice play and imagine play are upheld in Aotearoa. These are ideas used to clarify the child’s utilization of inventiveness and unconstrained play which furnishes extraordinary connections with individuals, spots and things. Every kid brings encounters from their own condition which assembles information and abilities among youngsters yet this can be marginally troublesome, as kids normally equal play (Drewery and Bird, 2004). An approach to improve their inclinations could be a spruce up day. The Ministry of Education (1996) clarifies that ‘Children experience a domain where their play is esteemed as significant learning and the significance of unconstrained play is recognised’ (p. 84) Vygotsky’s hypothesis is all around recognized in Aotearoa. He accepted that kids learn best through social conditions which lead to incredible and able students. Kids learn better through the ZPD with the help of a grown-up or peer. This gives the utilization of private discourse for the youngster, which makes better understanding and broadens abilities, for example, critical thinking and creative mind (Connor and Diggins, 2002). As indicated by Royal Tangaere’s hypothesis of learning, some of Vygotsky’s thoughts identified with hers. She put stock in the Tuakana/Teina idea which was identified with the ZPD and framework. The Tuakana (more established kin) adds to the Teina’s (more youthful kin) learning and tight clamp versa. This gives the two kin the duty of ako (learning just as educating (Te Whaiki, McCarthy and Durie, 1997). Furthermore, Vygotsky accepted that every kid carries with them, their own social encounters from their condition as a method of conveying. As a multi-social country, it is imperative to consider each child’s culture; in this way some portion of culture is language and the qualities and convictions that impact them. As educators we are urged to know about different societies. At the point when we find out about the way of life of youngsters we can comprehend and assist them with learning and experience increasingly about culture through correspondence, for example, books or music (Tauranga Regional Free Kindergarten, 2003). We could likewise arrange social excursions to Museum’s which is an incredible spot for learning. As Ministry of Education (1996) states, ‘Children experience a domain where there are evenhanded open doors for learning, regardless of sex, capacity, age, ethnicity, or foundation (p. 66). Instances of these speculations are appeared all through children’s play. Piaget’s thought of the sensori-engine stage and the pre-opertional stage can be incorporated as follows: Infant: An is resting on her stomach, where toys are put before her. She gets a delicate ball, takes a gander at it at that point places it in her mouth, drops it at that point gets a clatter and goes on to her back. She lifts it up and shakes and tunes in to the commotion. She at that point places it in her mouth at that point proceeds with the satisfaction in shaking the clatter. Baby: The squirms please and youngsters begin moving, B gets up and starts to move. As he tunes in to the hints of a vehicle, he professes to drive going, ‘Brum brum! , and afterward drives around the room saying, ‘I’m driving my vehicle! ’ Young Child: An is in the sandpit with youngsters encompassing her. She gets a griddle and professes to make a cake with sand. An at that point gets a spoon and professes to blend the cake, at that point places it down saying, â€Å"Cook for 2 minutes† utilizing her fingers to tally. She hauls it out straight after and says, â€Å"Mmm, smells wonderful! That will be for me and mummy†. Vygotsky’s perspectives can be appeared by and by through a baby as: M is figuring out how to walk, he can stand up while clutching the lounge chair, he needs to give up, yet doesn't have the parity or coordination. An educator comes over and M connects his hands, motioning that he needs assistance. She goes for his hands and strolls with him saying, â€Å"Good kid, you’re doing so well! † She at that point gives up to check whether he can remain all alone, he represents a couple of moments at that point falls. He creeps back to the love seat, stands up and motions to the educator to help. She stands three feet away, puts out her hands and says, â€Å"Try again†. He makes a couple of strides at that point falls once more. Little child: L needs to ascend the board. The educator perceives that he isn't sure enough all alone. She grasps his hand nd encourages him, he pivots and rehashes this a couple of times, the instructor relinquishes his hand most of the way up, he stops and says, â€Å"Help! † Teacher says, â€Å"You can do it, have a go, I’ll remain with you†. Looking uncertain, he has a go while the instructor supports him. In being effective, L is thrilled, and the instructor bolsters the achievement. Small kid: H is learning education, he is by all accounts baffled and is battling. The educator approaches him, and inquires as to whether he needs assistance. H answers, â€Å"Yeah, I can’t do it†. Right off the bat, the instructor composes his name at the top and says, ‘H, duplicate over your name with a pen†. â€Å"Yep†, H says. In doing as such, the educator energizes him and supports his learning. The instructor assists H with doing his proficiency movement until he can do it without anyone else's help. He gives her when he is done then she gets him to put a smiley face on the page, to show what an extraordinary activity he did. There are a lot more speculations that could be recognized all through this conversation yet Piaget and Vygotsky will consistently furnish educators with a strong understa

Importance of CSR in Cross Sector Cooperation

Question: Examine about the Importance of CSR in Cross Sector Cooperation. Answer: Presentation: The cutting edge way to deal with business the board has essentially developed. Beforehand, associations centered their vitality toward item creation and benefit expansion. In any case, this methodology doesn't fit the current business condition. The consistently rising worries of the ramifications of enterprises presence to the general public have moved methodologies in the executives. The present age doesn't just position effective associations on benefit standing yet in addition on how they impact the lives of the encompassing networks. This is the thing that presented the methodology of corporate social duty (CRS). Disparities exist on the meaning of this idea. As indicated by Zu (2008, pp.18), numerous individuals are as yet confounded by the numerous definitions proposed by researchers and non-researchers. This is on the grounds that CRS, have been controlled by organization heads to accommodate their recognition. All in all, what is a corporate social duty? As indicated by Sim s (2003, pp.43), CRS, allude to business exercises that requires a persistent commitment by the firm to carry on morally and add to financial turn of events while improving the lives of its work power, and their families, network, and the general society. Accordingly, it is an idea that requests a multidimensional way to deal with the board. Moreover, it presents an issue for the organization of associations, since the partnerships must conclude whether to endure or flourish (Sims, 2003). Ths is on the grounds that they should serve the associations set objective and targets while fulfilling the requirements of the general public. The significance of CRS to both the general public and business can't be thought little of. CRS have numerous advantages to the business condition. One of the principal significance of CRS is the improvement of participation between the general public, business and different divisions (Carnogursky et al., 2015). This is urgent for both the present moment and long haul advantages to the organization. Participation is an indication of business exercises worthiness inside its environs of activity. It makes the endurance of a speculation to simpler since others bolster them. Since CRS, advocates for the association to address the government assistance of the general public, it assumes an essential job in changing the clients disposition (Kavaliauske Stancikas, 2014). Clients will be pulled in to secure products and enterprises from organizations which decidedly add to the general public. In any case, it doesn't ensure programmed inclination by the customer, in light of the fact that the present market is globalized, and shoppers buy items utilizing various gateways. Some make online buys, thus won't be keen on the CRS activities of the organization. It is crucial to recollect that, CSR is anything but a compulsory action for associations. Consequently it is an association's drive to offer back to the general public. In spite of, the client being progressively worried about the nature of administration and items, Kavaliauske Stancikas (2014) takes note of that the customers acknowledge socially or ecologically useful endeavors by associations. Be that as it may, for organizations which are privately based and serve neighborhood individuals, CRS activities are basic. For example, a nearby organization engaged with sugar item should devise methods for controlling the degree of contamination in the earth. Inability to do so can start opposition from the nearby network. Along these lines, starting CSR activities which will provide food for the prosperity of local people will change their perspectives towards the organization. As indicated by the CRS definition sketched out by Sims (2003), CSR should address the government assistance of a companys workers and their families. Representatives are an indispensable segment in any association. They are the person who realize the association's objectives and destinations. Moreover, they progress in the direction of the fulfillment of the association's vital plans. Along these lines, in aggregate terms, the laborers are the pulses of associations. In this way, providing food for their inclinations boots their commitment. Representatives appreciate working for associations who have a positive social picture. This causes the organization to be a dear of numerous potential workers. This is fundamental to the endurance and execution of a venture. Upbeat and fulfilled representatives are creative, dedicated and persevering. This along these lines improves the companys execution. Along these lines, the corporate social obligation activities are critical in the advanced business world. Anyway, what are the upside of this methodology? It is fundamental to take note of that both business and non-beneficial association takes part in CRS. Subsequently, it ought not be considered as a method for pulling in benefits. Improved cooperation between the organization, society and different areas make it simple to market and association. The media assumes a fundamental job in promoting. Along these lines, when a partnership takes part in CRS activity, it pulls in media consideration which will at that point promote the companys exercises to the individuals. This is a productive method for promoting an association. Through CSR exercises, individuals will come to find out about venture exercises, their products, and administrations. CRS makes it simpler for associations to get money related help. There are well wishes which are prepared to help exercises which can spare nature or inspire the business of networks. This is critical for non-productive affiliations who rely upon giver assets and volunteers to do the administrations. Contributors will help programs which are tending to perpetual cultural issues. Henceforth it is prudent when an association is setting up a CSR venture to do genuine research on zones of high need. The present market condition is exceptionally intricate, and organizations discover it to make due on the own. In this manner, they blossom with associations with others. CSR makes the way toward striking corporate organization to be simple. This is on the grounds that organizations searching for accomplices are probably going to support those with the positive open picture. Also, improved execution underway and advertise rivalry are different focal points that CSR can bring. Improved execution is brought about by laborers fulfillment while advertise rivalry is because of the adjustment in clients view of an organization. Customers will incline toward socially capable establishments. For the workers, enterprises with positive cultural picture draw in quality and equipped work power. There are additionally deficiencies related with CSR. Numerous individuals despite everything view CSR as magnanimous giving. As per Hopkins (2012), this view is misinforming and ought not be utilized to characterize CSR. In any case, CSR can have an unfavorable ramifications on the productivity of business. The principle explanation behind setting up a business is to produce benefits. At the point when organizations participate in CSR activities which are not monetarily beneficial, it tends to be seen as monetary wastage. Numerous elements are causing poor states in the general public, and one association can't change the circumstance alone. Moreover, it isn't ensured that the organizations association can decidedly impact the circumstance (Hopkins, 2012). Accordingly, it very well may be named as wastages of assets. Moreover, it triggers clashes between the organization heads and the partners. The organization the executives can bolster the possibility of CSR, however the partners can be against it, bringing about fractures. Definitively, CSR is an extremely incredible asset in guaranteeing the drawn out endurance of an association. This is on the grounds that it causes the organizations to be acknowledged in the general public. Moreover, it cultivates corporate organization which is the advanced method of market endurance. Be that as it may, huge thought and research should be done before taking part in any SRS activities to kill odds of money related misfortunes. Reference List Carnogursky, K., Diacicova, A., Dancova, A. Lach, M., 2015. Pragmatic Importance of CSR in Cross-division Cooperation.. Procedia Economics Finance, Volume 34, pp. 244-251. Hopkins, M., 2012. Corporate Social Responsibility and International Development: Is Business the Solution? London: Earthscan. Kavaliauske, M. Stancikas, A., 2014. The Importance of Corporate Social Responsibility in Lithuania's Finance and Telecommunication Industries. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Volume 110, pp. 796-804. Sims, R. R., 2003. Morals and Corporate Social Responsibility: Why Giants Fall. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group. Zu, L., 2008. Corporate Social Responsibility, Corporate Restructuring and Firm's Performance: Empirical Evidence from Chinese Enterprises. Berlin: Springer Science Business Media.

The New Angle On Usc Essay Samples Just Released

The New Angle On Usc Essay Samples Just Released What to Expect From Usc Essay Samples? Demonstrated interest is critical in the current competitive admissions scene to stick out from the remainder of the pack. If you need assistance thinking through your aims, here are a few general tips which may come handy. I understand that I'm as many different persons asking your help and that is the reason I wrote sheer truth about me and my efforts to turn into well-educated individual. What Does Usc Essay Samples Mean? Just remember to be precise of what you're interested in, why you could be passionate about that, and why you're supposed to study this at USC. USC is among the most well-known colleges on the west coast. It's important to understand what USC offers, so you're able to chat about how those resources and facilities can allow you to reach your interests or support your studies in a particular field. Unlock all of these in 1 go with our USC Package! By the conclusion of your essay, you must have convinced USC that it's the very best school that will help you obtain your dreams and that, given the chance, you would take total benefit of their resources as a way to acquire those dreams. The target of your statement is to notify the admissions committee why you're the best person for their program. While we expect the great majority of our applicants will continue to apply with just the LSAT, you can want to contemplate whether the GRE is the right alternate. In years past I believed I could not distinguish myself in academics and sports. Introducing Usc Essay Samples David understands the tone perfect, something which isn't easy to do in a transfer essay. Bridget's essay is quite strong, but there continue to be a couple little things that could be made better. Stephen's essay is quite effective. There's no ideal solution on the best way to compose an effective essay. Possessing good essay examples provides the reader an in-depth and on-the-court idea about what a well structured and coherent essay appears like. However, there are specific guideline that you can use for you to make that outstanding essay. Here is a good example of the way to attain the specificity you want. The absolute most intriguing essays will concentrate on small, personal moments that have shaped the way that you find the world. Show what you've gained from this experience and permit the reader realize that you are someone students would wish to be around. While it's not about the subject you opt to write about, it's more about how that topic is related to your life. The author starts with a rather in depth story of an event or description of an individual or place. The essay may also be the most challenging portion of the application. Your introduction is critical. The review isn't formulaic we attempt to envision your performance at the following level. With a powerful processor and among the latest Android operating systems, performance won't ever be a problem. It will help them understand how you're presenting yourself in your program, and they can also supply you with useful feedback. Late applications won't be considered. Don't use the personal statement to just reiterate information found in other regions of your application. If you're feeling your paragraphs aren't flowing together, consider organizing them chronologically! Ultimately, the detail of real speech makes the scene pop. You may want to make a more flexible or fluid structure. This is, obviously, the most important feature of the prompt. Don't hesitate to put in your portfolio work you've done for assignments in class, work you have done all on your own, or both. In some instances, you should submit these by December 1. Applicants must get the minimum necessary score to be thought about. Expect to finish a minimum of 3 drafts. Where to Find Usc Essay S amples Exceedingly cheap writing service should alert you your work is going to be accomplished by not an expert writer. Writing an essay is an essential role in academe life. Writing in script form isn't required. If you're asking for a scholarship, the odds that you want to compose an essay are high. Usc Essay Samples Ideas There's, clearly, a limit on the range of pages even our finest writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but usually, we can satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. Think of why you're applying to the school in the very first location, and brainstorm, picking a few ideas that you could elaborate on in an essay. It's very useful to take writing apart to be able to see just the way that it accomplishes its objectives. It's the applicant's responsibility to be certain that all materials are submitted.

Jeff Koons An American Artist - 1075 Words

Jeff Koons is an American sculptor, painter, and multimedia artist. He attended Maryland Institute College of Art located in Baltimore. He worked as a Wall Street commodities broker before he became an artist. Jeff Koons was born January 21, 1955 in York, Pennsylvania to parents Henry and Gloria Koons. His mother worked as a seamstress and his father was a furniture dealer and interior decorator. Oxford art online stated that in the1980s Jeff Koons won international recognition as a radical exponent of an NEO– GEO. Artsy states that â€Å"Jeff Koons plays with ideas of taste, pleasure, celebrity and commerce.† Koons commented that his art and personal life is based in advertisement and media completely. He states that he has always loved†¦show more content†¦(Rothkope 15). Jeff Koons had a record for the highest selling piece of art. He achieved the record auction price for a living artist when someone paid $ 584 million at Chistie’s in Manhattan for his balloon dog, (Orange) 1955. Koons the States that all his works come from inspirations. (Lacayo 2014). He states that he hates when people focus on the price of his art he told New York Times â€Å"it’s not about the money, Other young artists I wanted to engage in the excitement of making art and sharing ideas, that’s what the art world means to me. This pieces â€Å"woman in tub (1988) was an inspiration from when he was younger. His grandfather had an ashtray in their television room; it was a small porcelain over girl in a bath tub. Koons explains that it was white with pink and blue details. He states that this piece also references Magnets and Degas. A few of his series that I love are equilibrium, banality, and made in heaven. Jeff Koons has made many different types of art and all of them are known to all the art world but These three are the main ones that was the talk about or create controversy. In 1985 stated by Rothkope Jeff Koons exhibition â€Å"equilibrium† came out. This exhibition was of equilibrium tanks with blue the Glass aquarium’s that held one or more basketball submerge in precise combination of distilled water and seawater that kept them suspended in the center of the tank. In a TV series called art 21 Jeff Koons talks about is â€Å"Banality† series. He stated

History of the Internet Essay - 1836 Words

What we know today as the Internet began as a Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) project in 1969, which was designed to connect several research databases across the country. However, until the end of 1991, the advances were almost completely technical, as the goals set by those responsible in its growth were beyond what the hardware was capable of providing. In 1988, the Internet began to receive attention in the popular press, when the first documented computer virus was released at Cornell University. 1991 marked the beginning of the transition of the Internet as we know it today, with the National Science Foundation’s reinterpretation of its Acceptable Use Policy to allow for commercial traffic across its network, the†¦show more content†¦Surratt in 2001 notes that some use the internet as a lawless zone to tout online hate, shielded by claims of free speech, others who have failed to grasp the technology form a sort of lower class of â€Å"have-n ots†. The Internet is frequently considered as the great meeting ground for people of different cultures. Whether these interactions are considered synergistic or simply collisions is very dependent on who the parties are, what context they meet in, and the overall social context, both online and offline that exists at the time of their interactions. One anecdote of praise from Valvovic is that the â€Å"core values of humanity seem to get hammered out at ground level rather than in the stratospheric soarings of detached thinkers.† Indeed, the Internet serves as a central hub of dialogue among all class levels, but Valvovic points out that there is a very real danger in old and new value systems will fail to meet within cyberspace, instead â€Å"quietly exchang[ing] places in the chaos of a transitional society ‘distracted from distraction,’ in the words of T.S. Eliot. As the internet becomes an increasing more accessible academic tool, it also is becoming more and more polluted with inaccurate information. Common criticism of the information onShow MoreRelatedHistory of Internet10240 Words   |  41 PagesHISTORY OF COMPUTERS AND THE INTERNET OUTLINE 1B MODULE Steps Toward Modern Computing 31 First Steps: Calculators 31 The Technological Edge: Electronics 31 Putting It All Together: The ENIAC 36 The Stored-Program Concept 36 The Computer’s Family Tree 37 The First Generation (1950s) 37 The Second Generation (Early 1960s) 38 The Third Generation (Mid-1960s to Mid-1970s) 39 The Fourth Generation (1975 to the Present) 41 A Fifth Generation? 44 The Internet Revolution 45 Lessons Learned 48 Read MoreThe History Of The Internet2033 Words   |  9 PagesThe history of the Internet starts with the making of electronic computers in the 1950’s. After a bunch of rabble The first concepts of the Internet were invented in the 1960’s who saw much use in allowing computers to share information. It was mainly used for scientific and military purposes, research, development, and sorts. J.C.R. Licklider of MIT first suggested the idea of a global network of computers in 1962. He moved to the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency to develop the InternetRead MoreHistory of the Internet535 Words   |  2 PagesInternet The Internet is a child of the 1960s. 1969 was when the first network of computers, ARPANET, communicated with one another. I took a full decade before the Internet was developed. In 1984, domain names were introduced, bringing with them, the familiar suffixes of â€Å"com† and â€Å"org† (Anonymous, 2013). It didn’t become widely used until the 1990s when two significant developments arrived. In 1991, the World Wide Web (Web 1.0) was released, along with hyper-links, which made navigation easierRead More History Of The Internet Essay1527 Words   |  7 PagesHistory of the Internet Works Cited Buick, Joanna and Jevtic, Zoran. Introducing Cyberspace. New York, NY: Totem Books, 1995. Crick, Prof. Rex E. E-Mail History. [Online] Available http://www2.uta.edu/geology/compulit/mailhist.html, December 20, 1999. Hafner, Katie and Lyon, Mathew. Where Wizards Stay up Late. New York, NY: nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Simon amp; Schuster Inc., 1996. quot;Internet.quot; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1999 ed. Kristula, Dave. The History ofRead More The History of the Internet Essay1277 Words   |  6 PagesThe History of the Internet When one thinks of the internet, one may think of America Online, Yahoo!, or of Sandra Bullock being caught up in an espionage conspiracy. For me, it is a means of communication. A way to talk to some of my friends who live off in distant places such as Los Angeles, New Jersey, and the Philippines. The U.S. Defense Department originally had this intent in mind when they connected a computer network with various other radio and satellite networks.[1 Krol] They wantedRead MoreThe History of Internet Piracy1122 Words   |  4 PagesThe History of Internet Piracy and its Impacts Internet piracy and copyright infringement have become major issues around the globe. Internet piracy has also evolved significantly since its beginnings. The effects are particularly felt by multiple industries, including the music, movie and software industries. As a result of the overwhelming effects of piracy, many pieces of legislation have either been proposed or passed in the United States. Piracy has significantly impacted the Internet as aRead MoreHistory Of Internet On The World1486 Words   |  6 PagesJosh Margolis EMF140 November 2, 2015 History of Internet Before the the Internet was created, linking the world, human beings were already thinking with a connected mind. While messages obviously were unable to be transferred electronically, humans invented different ways to trade information and news with other people. Firstly was the post. In order to send a friend a message, a letter would have had to been written and mailed. Mailing messages was a long process, often taking days to getRead More The History Of The Internet Essay2287 Words   |  10 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The internet has come a very long way in the past 50 years. New inovations such as integrated software and hardware has changed the way that poeple view and obtain information today. The internet is a global computer network connecting millions and millions of users throughout the world. quot;It is a network connecting many computer networks and is based on a common addressing system and communications protocol.quot;It has become one of the fastest growing forms ofRead MoreThe History of Computers and the Internet1457 Words   |  6 PagesWith the invention of the internet in the late 1960s and early 1970s, no one had a clue what it would one day develop into. When computers started becoming an everyday household appliance and the internet became more widespread, social networking sites (SNS) were developed as a means of communicating with people across the world. Friendster was launched in 2002, and grew rapidly over the course of three months as people started connecting and networking over the internet instead of in person. MyspaceRead MoreThe History and Development of the Internet1937 Words   |  8 Pagesstart with, we have to discuss the historical backdrop of the Internet and its development. The Internet developed out of improvements in bundle exchanging and circulated machine systems intended to be secure in time of war. Throughout the last few decades, the Internet has had monstrous developing. Several years back, numerou s individuals completed not have machine information and were not mindful of how to utilize it. Today, the Internet is utilized regularly for just about every errand. A huge number

Postulated In Domain Of Sleep Deprivation †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Postulated In Domain Of Sleep Deprivation? Answer: Introducation There are several hypothesis postulated in order to ascertain the affect of sleep deprivation on the degree of mental alertness. This essay discusses on the two most important hypothesis postulated in the domain of sleep deprivation and tries to finds the significance of those two hypotheses under the light of the six different research papers conducted under the similar domain. Sustained Attention Performance During Sleep Deprivation: Evidence of State Instability According to the hypothesis postulated by Doran, Dongen, Dinges, sleep deprivation in humans did not eradicate the strength to deliver neurobehavioral functions but on contrary it creates a imbalance in the state to alertness of the sleep deprived individual, preventing him or her in maintain stable pr alert performance for more than a minute. Sleep deprivation has significant affect on the performance variability and it is expressed as intermittent lapsing. This sleep deprivation affects the causes a state if instability along with as escalating homeostatic drive for sleep, uncontrolled initiation of sleep and strong resistance to prevent sleep by using compensatory effort. This state of instability affects the neurobehavioral performance. This imbalance in the neurobehavioral performance causes moment to moment divergence from attention with is associated with the homeostatic drive for sleep and circadian promotion of wakefulness. The Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT) Using done via implementing 88 hours of sleep deprivation was conducted in order to prove this hypothesis. The obtained results showed that the controlled group who was allowed to take 2 hours of NAP after every 12 hours (88 hours total) performed better in the PVT. Moreover, the results also showed that the performance variability of those who were kept awake for more than 18 hours at a stretch, declines rapidly accompanied with lack of motivation (Doran et al., 2001). However, the hypothesis claims that the state of instability does not eliminate the sustained neurobehavioral responses. It only hampers or decelerates specific neurobehavioral functions like alertness, problem solving skills, psychomotor skills while promoting false responding. A sleep deprived person is able to perform short term task with alertness but when the difficulty and the duration of the task increases then the sleep deprived persons faces problems and this problem increases with the tenure of the sleep deprivation (Doran et al., 2001). Prefrontal Neuropsychological Effects of Sleep Deprivation in Young Adultsa Model for Healthy Aging The prefrontal complex is the portion of the brain which is mainly responsible for a variety of different complex behaviors which includes planning as well as contributes to personal development. This is located in the front of the frontal lobe of the brain. Authors have found integral link between a people will to live along with their personality development and that of the functions of prefrontal cortex. They also contribute to decision making and moderating social behaviour. However, authors have developed a hypothesis which states that sleep deprivation in young adults results in impairment of the prefrontal cortex which is very similar to that of the preferential impairment that occurs in old age people during the time of their healthy aging. Authors are of the opinion that young people who suffer from sleep deprivation results in changes of the prefrontal complex in a pattern which is very similar to the modification that occur naturally in the prefrontal region of the brain i n the old people. Therefore they have put forward a hypothesis that of they conduct research models by taking sleep deprived patients of the younger cohort, they would be able to study the normal process of aging of the brain of the old which would be beneficial for invention of new facts (Harrison, Horne Rothwell, 2000). Comparison of both the hypothesis: Both the hypothesis reflects two different arenas of research. The first hypothesis mainly determines the activity of the prefrontal cortex in the sleep deprived young people. This hypothesis mainly talk about choosing the model of alterations occurring in the brain of sleep deprived young individuals which according to the authors are comparable to the alteration that take place during healthy aging of the old people. On the other hypothesize, authors mainly stressed on the performance level of individuals working in asleep deprived condition. In this hypothesis , authors state that long sleep deprived individuals are seen o provide forced compensatory effort which help them to accomplish short time tasks but they fail to provide concentration and attention when they are asked to complete in long sustained task which requires continuous attention. If the individuals are provided naps in between, the lapses frequency reduces resulting in better concentration. Otherwise the individual s who are sleep deprived will have frequent sleep attacks as well as lapses which will ultimately result the individual to go into uncontrollable sleep which eliminate wakefulness itself in the individual. A number of studies have been conducted so far in order to ascertain the basis of these two above-mentioned hypotheses. The current essay sheds light on how these two above-mentioned hypotheses hold true or deviated in the actual case scenarios. The comparison or the relatedness of these hypotheses is done via analysing 6 research papers which are framed 'specifically to ascertain the significance of these two hypotheses. Increasing Task Difficulty Facilitates the Cerebral Compensatory Response to Total Sleep Deprivation this study was conducted by Sean and this group of researchers in the year of 2004. Their aim of the study is to analyse the affect of task difficulty on the cerebral compensatory response of total sleep deprived people. Here the participants where were asked to perform the modified version of the Baddeleys Logical reasoning task while their are monitored via the magnetic resonance imagining. They were monitored twice, once after the normal tenure of sleep and once after 35 long hours of total sleep deprivation. The task was also simultaneously modified in order to parametrically manipulate the level of task difficulty. The participants were young (age mean: 27.6 +/- 6.1 years). The results showed that the degree of task difficulty facilitates the cerebral compensatory response during the tenure of total sleep deprivation. This compensatory response was found to express in new in new regions of the brain that otherwise has no relation with the task demand under the normal/well rested condition. Moreover, stronger compensatory responses are generated in the regions of the brain which are significantly related with the process of undergoing the task during well rested condition (Drummond et al., 2004). This study works in sync with the hypothesis 1 (sustained action performance), which states that a sleep deprived person is able to perform short term task with alertness via generating compensatory response in the brain (Doran et al., 2001). The paper Lapsing during Sleep Deprivation Is Associated with Distributed Changes in Brain Activation has been authored by researchers Chee et al., in the year 2008. Twenty four right handled male and female patients were allocated for the experiment out of which 17 subjects were ultimately incorporated to the experiential setting. They visited the laboratory three times each time with predefined activities. After the conducting of the activities and tests taken by researchers it was found that sleep depression resulted in slower as well as less accurate and more variable performance and also affected different task related activity performance. Lapses were also found to be associated with reduction of virtual and cortical activities in SD patients. The researchers performed functional magnetic resonance imaging during visual as well as selective attention task and mainly noticed the correct responses in a trial by trail pattern and then modelled the effects of the response. When com parison are done between sleep deprived individuals and individuals taking normal night sleep, it was found that lapses differ as the previous had reduced ability of the frontal and parietal region to raise activation to respond to the lapses, resulted in reduction of activation of visual sensory cortex and reduced thalamic activation during lapses in comparison to elevated activation in non lapse period (Chee et al., 2008). This theory has inculcate the mixing of both the hypothesis as the authors have used the prefrontal characteristic changes in sleep deprived patients like the first hypothesis and showed their effect on the brain function and normal activity level of the participants in regular tasks like the second hypothesis. Chee and Choo conducted experiments and published their work through the Functional Imaging of Working Memory after 24 Hr of Total Sleep Deprivation which was published in the year 2004. The authors had mainly incorporated 14 participants who were young and were right handed. The main motive of the study was to analyze the neurobehavioral effects after 24 hour of sleep in those young adults. Before conducting magnetic resonance imaging, they were allowed to go through two tests (LTS and PLUS) one with testing maintenance in four blocks and the other in manipulation and maintenance in three blocks. Response time after sleep deprivation in both the tasks was slower. An interesting observation was found here. Different patterns of changes occurred in the different portion of the parietal frontal portions of the brain which result in cognitive impairment of the brain regions after sleep deprivation. However, increased prefrontal and thalamic activation helps the participants to undertak e compensatory adaptation. All the finding of the papers help the researchers to come to a conclusion that more complex tasks are well done by sleep deprived individuals than simple tasks. This is based on the first hypothesis as researchers have mainly discussed about the brain regions related functional modifications and have also stated that this model matches with occurrences of changes of the elder adults (Chee Choo, 2004). Drummond et al. had published a paper Sleep deprivation-induced reduction in cortical functional response to serial subtraction in the year 1999. They had the main aim of studying the effects of sleep deprivation on the different functional alteration in the brain and thereby to study these changes. For these, they had taken thirteen normal healthy subjects after taking their written consents. They were made to perform 4 different tasks twice a day and at the same time fMRI scans were done once after a normal night sleep and one after a sleep deprived sleep. Arithmetic tasks were mainly conducted. The authors wanted to know that whether the prefrontal cortex and parietal lobe had any alterations due to the affects of SD. It was seen that in comparison to that after the normal night sleep, activities of the mentioned regions of the brain decreased after sleep deprivation especially in the PFC (Drummond et al., 1999). The work aligns with the first hypothesis as the main discussion re mains concerned with the effects on the different parts of the brain and their related functional decrease or functional loss. The study, The Neural Basis of Psychomotor Vigilance Test was conducted Drummond with the group of researchers in the year of 2005. The aim of the study is to identify the regions of the brains that promote fastest and slowest reaction times during the Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT). The study was conducted under well-rested conditions and is particularly directed towards the specific regions of the brain, which deliver extremely poor performance during the tenure of sleep deprivation. The study was conducted with 20 right handed healthy adults (age mean: 27.4 +/- 6.7 years) who were made to undergo two PVTs and while they are giving PVT, their brains were analysed under magnetic resonance imaging. These two PVT tests were performed after every 12 hours (after waking up from a normal night sleep) and after 36 hours of total sleep deprivation. The results obtained showed that optimal performance of the brain during the PVT test depends on the activation of both sustained attention s ystem and motor system. The poor performance following the PVT, recorded after the total sleep deprivation is the result of the poor attention. However, in order to make up the poor performance, brain at times elicit compensatory response to that particular positions of the brain that are responsible for fast and attentive performance. These findings are in accordance with the hypothesis 1 (sustained action performance) which states that the poor performance of the individuals in the PVT after TSD is a result of the decrease in the mental alertness or poor attention. The brain fails to stay alert after prolong hours of sleep deprivation and hence provides poor result in the PVT (Doran et al., 2001). The aim of the study, Neural basis of alertness and cognitive performance impairments during sleepiness. I. Effects of 24 h of sleep deprivation on waking human regional brain activity, conducted by Thomas et al., in the year of 2000 was to analyse the significance of the hypothesis which states that the negative effects of the sleep deprivation on alertness and cognitive performance is a result of the decrease in the activity of the brain, mainly in the sub cortical region and prefrontal cortex. In order to conduct the study, Thomas et al., performed Positron Emission Tomography (PET) over 17 normal subjects who were sleep deprived for 85 hours. They used Fluorine 2-deoxyglucose (FDG) is a marker to detect the cerebral metabolic rate of the glucose (CMRglu) and simultaneous neuronal synaptic activity. 2 scans per subject was done per 24 hours intervals. The study showed short term sleep deprivation results in global decrease in the brain activity with significant decrease in the glo bal CMRglu. This study works in sync with both the hypotheses. It proved the influence of prefrontal cortex on neuropsychological effects of the sleep deprivation and also indicated that how sleep deprivation cast a negative impact on the cognitive performance and alertness (Doran et al., 2001; Harrison, Horne Rothwell, 2000). Thus from the above discussion it can be concluded that the sleep deprivation has a prominent affect on the degree of alertness of the brain and is mostly concerned with the prefrontal cortex of the brain. Reference List Chee, M. W., Choo, W. C. (2004). Functional imaging of working memory after 24 hr of total sleep deprivation.Journal of Neuroscience,24(19), 4560-4567. Chee, M. W., Tan, J. C., Zheng, H., Parimal, S., Weissman, D. H., Zagorodnov, V., Dinges, D. F. (2008). Lapsing during sleep deprivation is associated with distributed changes in brain activation.Journal of Neuroscience,28(21), 5519-5528. Doran, S. M., Van Dongen, H. P. A., Dinges, D. F. (2001). Sustained attention performance during sleep deprivation: evidence of state instability.Archives italiennes de biologie,139(3), 253-267. Drummond, S. P., Brown, G. G., Salamat, J. S., Gillin, J. C. (2004). Increasing task difficulty facilitates the cerebral compensatory response to total sleep deprivation.Sleep,27(3), 445-451. Drummond, S. P., Brown, G. G., Stricker, J. L., Buxton, R. B., Wong, E. C., Gillin, J. C. (1999). Sleep deprivation?induced reduction in cortical functional response to serial subtraction.Neuroreport,10(18), 3745-3748. Harrison, Y., Horne, J. A., Rothwell, A. (2000). Prefrontal neuropsychological effects of sleep deprivation in young adults--a model for healthy aging?.Sleep,23(8), 1067-1073. Sean P. A. Drummond, Amanda Bischoff-Grethe, David F. Dinges, Liat Ayalon, Sara C. Mednick, M. J., Meloy. (2005). The Neural Basis of Psychomotor Vigilance Test. Sleep, 28(9), 1059-68. Thomas, M., Sing, H., Belenky, G., Holcomb, H., Mayberg, H., Dannals, R., ... Welsh, A. (2000). Neural basis of alertness and cognitive performance impairments during sleepiness. I. Effects of 24 h of sleep deprivation on waking human regional brain activity.Journal of sleep research,9(4), 335-352.

Death Penalty Persuasive Essay Essays - Capital Punishment, Penology

Death Penalty Persuasive Essay English 10 Week 15 Persuasive Essay Death Penalty There are many different stances on the issue of the death penalty, also known as death row. The death penalty has been used for many years, dating as far back as the eleventh century, B.C. With new laws, the penalty is now exclusively used for murder cases, and sometimes rape cases. But, the death penalty should be abolished for many reasons that many different groups of people should support. As Catholics, we turn to the bible and prayer for answers. Most people will read the scripture you shall not murder exodus 20:13 NIV and instantly say the death penalty is wrong because we are murdering the guilty. According to google definitions, the definition of murder is the unlawful premeditated killing of one human being by another. With that being said, the death penalty is not wrong according to the 7th commandment because the death penalty is set by the law. But, as Catholics we also dont believe, as humans, we should play God and decide who goes on death row and who doesnt. Pro-life means All Life not just the infant in the womb. Not just the elderly, the homeless, the ill, and the infirm. All life. As a religion devoted to the sanctity of life we can't differentiate. The state has an obligation to protect society from those who would practice evil upon it, but it should do so by incarcerating them for a lifetime. Execution actually cost more than life in prison. The death penalty is unnecessary and immoral, and does not respect the sanctity of human life. Stated by Lauren Sylvest, member of the Catholic Church. When asked on Facebook weather people believe in the death penalty should be abolished or not, Roy Guilbeau Jr. stated I don't believe in it. I don't think we, as humans, have the right to decide who lives or dies. For those that would take life I believe in a lifetime of hardcore imprisonment with extremely hard labor. Those who murder or abuse the innocent get off too easy with the death penalty. I also think this would deter future criminals because some of these people are just looking for death and 15 minutes of fame. This statement makes a huge point to why the death penalty should be abolished. Most criminals would rather be dead than spend life in prison. Also, while in prison, some convicts might find Jesus and become saved and change their life. Serial killers often have mental disabilities and they can get help while in prison. Prison might be the only thing saving some people. In 2004, Cameron Todd Willingham was executed in Texas for starting the fire that killed his children. The Texas Forensic Science Commission has determined that the arson testimony that led to his conviction was based on flawed science. As of today, 138 wrongly convicted people who were sentenced to death have been exonerated. DNA is rarely available in homicides, often irrelevant, as in the Willingham case, and cant guarantee we wont execute innocent people. Capital juries are dominated by people who favor the death penalty and are more likely to vote to convict. Not only is the system immoral, it also has flaws. Though there are few people who believe in the death penalty, most believe that it isnt right. The death penalty should be abolished because its not the place for the legal system to decide who dies, and who lives.

Latent Defect Essays

Latent Defect Essays Latent Defect Paper Latent Defect Paper Mike Christensen December 10, 2009 CM 385: Section 1 Final Paper How Can A Contractor Avoid Liability for Defective Work? Every contract created produces a margin of risk and a platform for success. Depending on how one manages the risk assumed, one may either excel and shine in the glory of success or drown and disappear in the raging waters of error. Nevertheless, to become great one must take that step of faith into the flailing wind. As said by Leo F. Buscalglia, â€Å"The person who risks nothing – does nothing, has nothing, is nothing, and becomes nothing. He may avoid suffering and sorrow, but he simply cannot learn†¦ and grow†¦ and live. † (Buscalglia, 2009) The contractor who is bound to the owner must understand the risk assumed regarding defective work. This understanding will create a critical eye for the contractor that will help mitigate risk. To begin, the contractor must recognize what a defect is and the different categories that a defect may be classified as; the various categories will provide opportunities for the contractor to have future claims barred after acceptance. The two main classifications for defective work are known as: patent defects and latent defects. According to the Steven H. Gifis, the author of Law Dictionary, a patent defect is a â€Å"defect that could be recognized upon reasonably careful inspection or through the use of ordinary diligence and care. † To assist in avoiding claims against the contractor due to patent defects, a contractor will create a punch-list, which list will include specific items that need to be checked; and if needed, corrected, prior to the sale of the project. Usually the contractor will walk through the project with the owner to identify any corrections needed. Upon acceptance of the work by the owner, which can be manifest by payment or taking possession of the project (i. e. substantial completion), any future patent defect claims cannot be brought against the contractor. The defect should have been recognized upon a reasonably careful inspection, completed by filling out the punch list. A prime example where a contractor and owner are protected by a future claim of defective work is found in the case, Inman v. Binghamton Housing Authority. It was six years after the completion of the Saratoga Terrace apartment complex when a child ell off the back porch stoop and received severe injuries. The parents of the child claimed that the contractor and owner were responsible due to their negligence in constructing the stoop without a protective railing. The court referenced back to the Campo v. Schofield case, which states, â€Å"We have not yet reached the state where a manufacturer is under the duty of making a machine accident proof or foolp roof. † The court also noted that the complex had been used without accident for six years and that it did not conceal any dangers or defective work that would not have been found by a reasonable inspection. The outcome of the case proved that the pleading did not contain any allegation of a defect, and that the liability rested upon the parents of the child. Consequently, the phrase Caveat Emptor (Buyer Beware) protects the contractor from future claims as long as the defective work existed at the time of inspection and could have reasonably been identified. Nevertheless, a contractor must also understand that if the defective work is classified as a latent defect, the risk and liability associated with this defect may be transferred back to the contractor. Therefore, a contractor must understand what a latent defect is and how risk might be lessened. The Law Dictionary defines a latent defect as a â€Å"flaw that is discovered after delivery; usually, latent defects are inherent weaknesses which normally are not detected by examination or routine tests, but which are present at the time of manufacture or are aggravated by use. † (2003) Consequently, this flaw may not be found until the structure or member fails, which rapidly increases the liability of the project. The most identifiers for these failures are unsatisfactory material, workmanship, or design; all of these produce results that do not comply with the contract requirements. In reference to the three common identifiers mentioned above, the most difficult to resolve is the case where the material is defective – who is responsible – the owner, architect, manufacturer, or contractor? The variety of materials is so vast and the testing so limited, that the various personnel mentioned above try to cut costs without assuming the liability. In the case, Wood-Hopkins Contracting Co. v. Masonry Contractors Inc. , Masonry Contractors Inc. ontracted to install and clean the masonry for an apartment complex in Atlanta, Georgia. Upon substantial completion, water was found leaking into the apartment due to the recently constructed masonry wall. Wood-Hopkins immediately accused Masonry Contractors Inc. for the defective work and requested that they waterproof the entire structure (a c ost of $12,255. 00). Masonry Contractors Inc. recognized that the leak came from the wall constructed by their crew, but affirmed that the contract had specifically called out the means and method of installation and material to be used, and that the material was defective, not their work. In the end, the material was found to be defective, which defect caused a failure in the bond. Thus, if the contractor follows the specifications of the owner, which specifications are found in the contract documents, the contractor is able to transfer the liability back to the owner and proceed with minimal risk. In regards to minimizing the risk associated with latent defects, a contractor should obtain the greatest amount of training to increase his workmanship, and then follow the specifications of the contract. If any questions arise during construction, he should consult the owner and designer so that liability and risk will be transferred. . In the case, Southwest Welding v. The United States, the contractor, Southwest Welding, contracted with the government to build several sections of penstock. Upon completion of each section, the government’s Contracting Officer would approve the section and installation of the section would commence and final payment would be made. The contract clearly stated that welds would be radiographically examined and that the Contracting Officer was the only person authorized to accept the work. After installing 15 sections of penstock, the Contracting Officer requested a different test be performed on the welds, which test required that the contractor remove and replace 348,000 inches of welding, equaling an additional cost of $543,343. 76. The Contractor sent letters of clarification, stating that the work previously performed met the contracted requirements and that the work requested would be additional work and would require extra compensation. After traveling the courts, the appellate court sided with the contractor due to the communication which clearly identified the requested work as extra work, because the contractor met the requirements of the contract. In conclusion, a contractor has the opportunity to take the precautions and steps necessary to bar future patent defect claims by creating a punch-list and walking through the project with the owner. The owner’s power of acceptance enforces the contractual phrase Caveat Emptor. Nevertheless, if the defects are considered to be a latent efect, the owner can still trace liability back to the owner. Because of this, the contractor must provide excellent workmanship and follow the specific language of the contract documents. By so doing, the responsibility and liability of the project flows back to the owner who initially took the risk to live, to learn, and invest in his project. Buscalglia, Leo f. (2009). ThinkExist. com. Retrieved 11 25, 2009, from http://thinke xist. com/quotation/the_person_who_risks_nothing-does_nothing-has/148405. html Inman v Binghamton Housing Authority, 3 N. Y. d 137 (Court of Appeals of New York July 3, 1957). Campo v. Schofield, 301 N. Y. 468, 95 N. E. 2d 802 Inman v. Binghamton Housing Authority, 3 N. Y. 2d 137; 143 N. E. 2d 895 Latent Defect. (2003). In The Law Dictionary. Retrieved December 2nd, 2009 from answers. com/topic/latent-defect Patent Defect. (2003). In The Law Dictionary. Retrieved December 2nd, 2009 from answers. com/topic/latent-defect Southwest Welsidng Manufacturing Company v. The United States, 188 Ct. Cl. 925 Wood-Hopkins Contracting Co v. Masonry Contractors Inc. , 235 So. 2d 548

Research methods for business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Research methods for business - Essay Example Motivating employees to reach company goals involves giving employees an incentive to perform to expectations, by appealing to their needs at the psychological level or from a financial perspective. In some industries, businesses develop incentives schemes in order to motivate employees to reduce current absentee levels (Kohn, 1999), as one relevant example. Spitzer (2000) further offers that in order for any reward structure to be successful, the business must first create what is referred to as a scheme of recurrence, which basically means a consistent reward structure which has very clearly defined rewards for specific performance activities. "If reward structures reflect what is asked for, it will become a systematic reality" (Spitzer, 2000, p.81). This would suggest that it would be highly important for a business to fully understand what types of specific rewards would be embraced by employees prior to adopting and launching a reward scheme. Individual recognition could theoretically come in many forms, such as the aforementioned promise of promotion for meeting target goals, praising the employee in front of managers, colleagues or clients, or offering an incentive bonus (after an annual review) which rewards the individual at a later time for meeting performance targets.1.1 Research question and objectives This proposed study research question seeks to uncover whether today's employees in the UK are motivated more by reward schemes or individual performance recognition' This study maintains two distinct objectives: Identify the perceptions of a wide variety of different employees, in different industries, regarding what they would consider to be an acceptable reward scheme to boost individual motivation. To uncover which methods are available to today's businesses to increase motivational levels of employees through individual recognition efforts. 1.2 Justification for research study This proposed research study is of considerable interest to today's businesses for many reasons. First, today's global economic recession is putting significant pressures on businesses to reduce the payouts associated with various reward schemes in order to recognise costs and satisfy budget restrictions (Blackwell, 2009). When facing budget problems, it would be of considerable interest to today's companies to explore whether individual recognition can provide the necessary motivation to make employees excel in their unique job functions so as to be able to abandon costly reward schemes. Further, only one in ten organisations, today, have been able to accurately measure whether any of their reward scheme expenditures have met with higher motivational levels as return on the investment (Blackwell). For businesses currently using reward schemes to motivate, but are unable to determine whether the investment is worth the

Case study/ final paper Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

/ final paper - Case Study Example Integrative approach however involves parties to a conflict in developing solution to a problem rather than seeking a decision while attitudinal structuring is a social based approach that aims at changing people’s behaviors in a set up and intraoganizational bargaining defines extensive discussion within an organizational framework. Either aspect of the theory therefore undermines summery dismissal without a defense opportunity. Another applicable theory to both parties is the contract theory that provides for legality of relationships based on terms and actions rather than intentions of parties to an agreement. It therefore has a legal basis for protecting parties interests (Miller and Jents 497; Denisi and Griffin 330). Initial jurisdiction of the case rests with the industrial court. The contract theory will prevail over the Behavioral theory of labor negotiations because of its foundations from common law that is a recognized source of law while the Behavioral theory of labor negotiations is a secondary approach to the judicial system. I would advise Fred that his action has legal consequences and recommend a favorable resolution outside court before Wilma seeks a legal address. His reference to payback and the mode of expression that communicated intense anger together with slamming of the door identifies apprehension to danger, amounting to tort of assault. A resolution outside the legal framework may therefore reduce or mitigate the possible consequences of Fred’s action if Wilma agrees to forgive him (Miller and Jentz 87). We are interested in recruiting Mr./Mrs. X (Name of applicant) for an important position in our organization, he/she has named you as a referee and we would wish gain the following information from you. The additional information on the applicant’s alcoholism does not change the proposed plan because the condition can be managed by a strong organizational culture. The search committee should be keen on

Skills of Tourism graduates Essay Example for Free

Skills of Tourism graduates Essay The primary objective of this study is to determine the employability skills of Tourism graduates from the year 2005 to 2009 of University of Perpetual Help System Dalta Molino such as Communication Skills, Human Relation Skills, Technical Skills, Management Skills, Research Skills and Leadership Skills. The study is anchored in the theory of Gazier as cited by Weinert who stated that employability is supply and demand. The Descriptive research design was utilized to analyze and delineate the current work abilities of the BST graduates. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to determine if significant difference exist in the employability skills of Tourism graduates in relation to their year of graduation. The study revealed that there were significant differences in the employability skills of the Tourism graduates when they are grouped according to year graduated. The differences among the batches can be accounted from the variable factors and circumstances during the period of their study. Hence, from the results, the institution can improve the quality of teaching by bringing students outside the classroom setting, hiring faculty who are equipped with background and experience in the tourism industry and related jobs, and the University should extend utmost effort to provide facilities of the tourism college Introduction The University of Perpetual Help System DALTA (UPHSD) – Molino Campus, College of International and Hospitality Management is committed to providing quality education by offering a wide range of theoretical, practical knowledge and skills through various aspects of hospitality management which is necessary to every student in becoming competent individuals of society. The college offers study programs such as Bachelor of Science major in Hotel and Restaurant Management (BSHRM), Associate in Hotel and Restaurant Management (ASHRM) and Bachelor of Science in Tourism (BST). The Bachelor of Science in Tourism is a discipline that provides a wide array of experiences that leads to the understanding of history, customs, traditions, values and culture of different places both here and abroad. Further, the BS Tourism program includes a course on Tour guiding, Foreign language, Tourist destination marketing, Thesis writing, Tourism Planning and Development, Personal Development and Public Relation, Cruise management, Travel Agency Management and Operation, Principles of Tourism with Tourism Laws, Philippine Tourism: Geography and Culture, World Tourism: Geography and Culture, Principles of Management, Front Office Management, and Convention and Recreation Management. These are the courses being taught to the students to gain the employability skills of tou rism such as the Communication skill, Human relation skill, Tour guiding skill, Management Skill, Research Skill and Leadership skill. Student capabilities as used in this study refer to abilities learned in the four corners of the classroom preparing graduates for employment as they step out of the portals of their alma mater. Such skills result in better employability of graduates. According to Hind and Moss (2011), employability is a person’s capability to gain and maintain employment. Further, it depends on the knowledge, skills and abilities possessed by the latter. Employability of graduates therefore depends on the trainings they attended from first year to their graduation. According to Walker (2006), tourism as career is a dynamic, evolving and consumer – driven force it is also the world’s largest industry or collection of industries. When all its interrelated components are placed under one umbrella: tourism, travel, lodging, conventions, expositions, meetings, events; restaurants, managed services: assembly, destination and event management, and recreation. Walker also said that tourism plays a foundational role in framing the various services that hospitality companies perform. In the past five years, the UPHSD – Molino has produced number of graduates that have eventually joined tourism industry works in the tourism industry. Their work is crucial in creating appreciation of the beauty of the world; therefore, these graduates need certain skills and knowledge in order to be considered assets to tourism establishments and maintain employability. The study provides documentary analysis about the employability skills of Bachelor of Science in Tourism graduates batch 2005 – 2009 of UPHSD- Molino Campus to meet the demands of the industry of the new century. Further, responses from graduates concerning various issues related to teaching and learning were also considered. Such information is essential to assist the University in planning and determining factors linked to student learning, curriculum design, and improvement of services provided by UPHSD. Therefore the researchers opted to conduct a study about the employability skills of Bachelor of Science in Tourism graduates batch 2005 – 2009 of UPHSD- Molino Campus. Specifically it aims to determine the capabilities, knowledge, and skills possessed by graduates in finding and maintaining work. The study is anchored in the theory of Gazier as cited by Weinert (2001). According to Gazier, employability attempts to influence the â€Å"supply† side of the labo r market, that is, the workers and their productive capacities and performance, while the â€Å"demand† side is made up of the companies’ requirement. This theory of Gazier as cited by Weinert (2001) guided the researchers in the research because it gives an idea that employability is supply and demand where in the University produces supply to the Tourism industry yet the â€Å"product†; graduates should meet the demand of the Tourism industry. The researchers believe that to be able to market the graduates, the supply must possess communication skills, human relation, tour guiding skills, management skills, research skills and leadership skills. These skills are crucial to meet the demand of the industry to further promote employability. IMPROVEMENT EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS Figure 1. Conceptual Framework Figure 1 shows that employability is dependent variable from graduates’ skills and the improvement of the university in terms of Curriculum design, services offered by the University and hiring faculty. In relation to the study, the graduates should focus on enhancing both students’ skills and their facilities to have a high employment opportunity. To determine the target respondents for the study, the researchers used the list of graduates. The researchers analyzed the aforesaid skills using Mean, Percentage, ANOVA and Frequency Distribution to determine if significant differences exist in the employability skills of Tourism graduates in relation to their civil status, gender, and year of graduation. The study focused on the BS Tourism Graduates of University of Perpetual Help System DALTA- Molino Campus from year 2005-2009. The respondents were only 25 graduates of tourism from 2005-2009 1. Descriptive Research 2. Researcher –made Questionnaire 3. Statistical Treatment * Frequency * Percentage * Mean * ANOVA Improvements of: -Curriculum Design -Services offered by the University -Hiring Faculty 1. Profile of the Respondents * Civil Status * Gender * Year Graduated * Employment Status * Employed * Unemployed * Nature of Work * Airline * Travel Agency * Cruise ship * Front Office (Hotel) * Hospitality Related Jobs ( Tourism Officer, Casino, Event Organizing) * Others 2. Skills * Communication Skills * Human Relation Skills * Technical Skills * Management Skills * Research Skills * Leadership Skills INPUTProcess OUTPUT Figure 2 Operational Framework Figure 2 above shows that the study will use the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of civil status, gender, nature of work, year of graduation, employment status, and employability skills of the graduate of BST from 2005 – 2009. Such data will be the inputs for the study. A questionnaire developed by the researchers will be used as research instrument. Statistical treatment in the form of frequency distribution, percentage, mean, and ANOVA will be applied to process and interpret the collected data. The inputs and process described above will assist the University in planning and determining factors linked to students learning, curriculum design, and improvement of services provided by UPHSD. This study aims to determine the employability skills of Bachelor of Science in Tourism graduates batch 2005 – 2009 of UPHSD- Molino Campus. METHODS The study covered the Graduates of BS-Tourism Students of batch 2005 – 2009 from University of Perpetual Help System – DALTA Molino Campus as respondents of study which is compose of 25 students. To collect/gather the names of the graduates as well as their contact numbers and addresses to get the total population needed for the study, the researchers sought permission from the office of Student Personnel Service. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the respondent. The researchers used a descriptive quantitative design for this research After the researchers gathered the list needed for the research, they distributed and administered the questionnaires to the respondents through social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter, and email and researchers also reached them with their contact numbers. Further, the researchers also conducted field work (i.e., home visits) to reach the graduate and completed the data gathering for the period of 5 months. Data we re tabulated after the retrieval and brought to a statistician for statistical treatment, after which the researchers interpreted the result to give recommendation. There are more female graduates of tourism. The dominance of female students in the Tourism programme in this study is in line with a previous study on study motivations in Korea, Taiwan, and China (Kim, et al., 2007), indicating the popularity of hospitality and tourism Management among female students in Asian countries. 1.2 Civil Status; Almost all of the respondents are still single, which implies that if not for personal reasons, the quality and the demand of their current job kept them unmarried. In a book entitled â€Å"Introduction to Hospitality Operations† by Walker 2009, the WTO (World Tourism Association) has declared that tourism industry work is very demanding; it is a 24hour-a day, 7-day-week, 52-week-a-year economic driver. 1.3 Year Graduated Most of the respondents are graduates of Batch 2008-2009. Respondents that graduated earlier from the UPHSD-Molino are less accessible than those who graduated recently, which can be attributed to the demands or location of their jobs as those who have graduated earlier tend be more established in their jobs. 1.4 Employment Status? Most of the respondents are already employed. This indicates the high employability of the graduates of UPHSD-Molino. The program BS Tourism offered by the UPHSD- Molino provides many opportunities for graduates to work in various professions in different sectors such as restaurants, resorts, air and cruise lines, theme parks, and casinos. 1.5 Nature of Work It can be gleaned from the table 1.5 that 88% are employed in work aligned with their course. This indicates that he graduates are generally qualified to jobs aligned or closely aligned with their course, while the 8% are employed to other industry such as in business sector. The remaining 4% is a respondent who resigned from her work, which was inclined to tourism industry, and now focusing on her family. As stated above, the tourism program provides many opportunities for employment, which includes land, air and sea-based work. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS College of International and Hospitality Management is committed to providing quality education by offering a wide range of theoretical and practical knowledge and skills through various aspects of hospitality management which is necessary to every student in becoming competent individuals of society. The above discussion has evaluated the skills of tourism students who graduated from the UPHSD -Molino, particularly, their technical, managerial, research, leadership, human relation, and communication skills. The null hypothesis, in which the researchers assumed no significant difference in the employability skills of the respondents, was rejected. The graduates of each batch rated themselves differently on various skills because of the different situations and factors that affected them during their study. According to the summary of data on different employability skills of tourism graduates, the researchers found significant differences in the employability skills of the respondents. In their analysis, the researchers gleaned that Tourism graduates have strong potential for employment as they have acquired the necessary tourism skills. Along with the Tourism skills, the institution can improve the quality of teaching by bringing students outside the classroom setting such as seminars, hotel and airline familiarizations, tour guiding competition and other tourism-related activities for them to fully experience and understand their field. Because the researchers believe that learning never stops in the four walls of the classroom itself instead they need to be exposed. Hiring faculty who are equipped with background and experience in the tourism industry and related jobs, such as those employed in tourism bureaus in government or tourism-related businesses, and those who have experience in organizing events/programs and activities. Certificates of accreditation from the DOT and other organizations such as TESDA on tour guiding, travel management, and so on would help instructors in molding and developing students as better tourism industry professionals with high employability. Faculty with tourism industry experience can share more of their familiarity with the industry that is not purely textbook-dependent. In terms of technical skills, revealed as a weakness among the graduates, the University should extend utmost effort to provide facilities of the tourism college such as ticketing office with systems of Fidelio, Abacus, and Amadeus. Offer different language course in every year for them to be globally competitive. REFERENCES Claire Rees, Peter Forbes and Bianca Kubler Student Employability Profiles: A Guide for Higher Education Practitioners Communication Skills http://www.communicationskills.com.in/definition-of-communication- skills.htm Final pre – proof draft of Harvey, L., 2001, â€Å"Defining and Measuring Employability†, Quality in Higher Education 7 (2), pp. 97 – 110 Lamberton and Minor (2010)http://wiki.answer.com/Q/whatishumanrelations Lomax, R.G. (2007) Statistical Concepts: A Second Course ISBN Management Skills www. buzzle.com/articles/management-skill Planet Philippines by Pepper Marcelo (March 30, 2011)After College, Now What? Planet Philippines Leandro Milan (January 23, 2010) Migration: Oversupply of Unemployable Graduates The Higher Education Academy Graduate Impact, Student Employability and Academic Integrity University of Glasgow: Employer’s Perception of the Employability Skills of New Graduates www. kent.ac.uk/careers/docs/graduate-employability-skills%202011.pdf Weinert, P., Baukens, M., et. Al (2001) Employability: From Theory and Practice, Transaction

More Respect for Life and Fewer Cluster Bombs :: September 11 Terrorism Essays

More Respect for Life and Fewer Cluster Bombs    Many people's reactions to the atrocities of September 11 have gone from disbelief, to sadness, to anger, quiet or otherwise. We commonly hear that we have received a declaration of war, and should respond accordingly. This essay outlines my arguments for restraint.    The moral case. Morality should be universal. If attacking hostile governments by killing civilians is "evil" and "the very worst of human nature," then it is no better for the U.S. to do so than for Afghanistan to.    The terrorists who attacked the U.S. last week haven't spoken up, but probably would describe U.S. foreign policy with "evil," "cowardly," "despicable," and other words that Bush used. They believe that political ends and avenging wrongs from a foreign military justifies killing enemy civilians, even if their support for the government was only indirect. Analogously, Bush's speech stated that: "We will make no distinction between the terrorists who committed these acts and those who harbor them." Calls for a spectacularly bloody retaliatory strike aimed loosely towards the billion Muslims in the world are increasing, while dissent has been muted. Mountains of historical evidence document America's tolerance for heavy "collateral" damage when attacking the infrastructure of a demonized enemy, such as Saddam or Milosevic.    Tuesday's tragedy demonstrated America's surprising physical vulnerability, but, perhaps more disturbing, our response threatens to show a moral weakness that will be much harder to justify in hindsight.    The practical case. In Israel, extremists on both sides use terrorism and "random" violence for ends which are neither desperate nor irrational -- they aim to derail peace efforts and provoke a violent response on the other side that will cause moderates to reject compromise and side with extremists. "Jew" or "Arab" loses meaning in the face of the deeper struggle between hatred and tolerance, though typically only events such as Yitzhak Rabin's assassination by an extremist Israeli shock people into remembering. These oft-forgotten and crucial lessons from terror sound like Sunday school truisms: "the aim of violence is to beget further violence" and "blood cannot be washed away with blood."    These principles must sound a little other-worldly after Tuesday's atrocities, but there is no other time when it is more important that we remember them. Pausing to note that we can prove very little about the motivations of

How far can metrosexual men go?

Metrosexuals are well-educated, sensitive and straight urban dwellers keeping touch with his feminine side. They usually go for manicure and could even have their hair taken care of by stylists and not the barbers. These men love shopping and even wear jewelry. Their bathroom counters are full of male products that include moisturizers and some makeup. They work on their physiques at fitness clubs as opposed to gyms and this appearance gets them a lot of attention that delights them. Metrosexuals are mostly found in large cities especially media centers. There is however imitations and experimenting among men in other smaller cities.These men have a great concern for how they appear. Their lifestyle displays characteristics stereotypically linked to gay men. â€Å"Metrosexuality† traces its origin from an article by Mark Simpson in â€Å"The Independent† in 1994. He described a metrosexual man as one who has high income and lives or works in the city, where he can find the best shops. Metrosexual men are proving to be among the best markets for cosmetic products in the decade. In 1980s, these men were only found in fashion magazines, TV ads or gay bars. Later in the 1990s they were allover and even doing their shopping.The trend The term’s popularity rose after Simpson wrote another article â€Å"Meet the metrosexual. † Euro RCSG Worldwide, an advertising firm, immediately adopted this term for marketing studies. Some careers have been known to attract metrosexual men. They include music, media, table waiting and modeling. Popularity of this metrosexuality rose following increased integration of gays into society and a decline in taboos towards those deviating from masculinity notions. Shortly after, Canada, Belgium, some US states and Holland enacted legislation for gay marriages.Metrosexuality aroused a lot of curiosity when a marketing agency tried exploring the changing face of American men. According to this research titled, â⠂¬Å"The Future of Men: USA,† there is a new clique of men who reject traditional male roles and do as they please no matter what the society thinks about them. The media and male magazines such as Maxim and FHM have greatly influenced men to become metrosexuals. They have devoted a lot of their space to fashion. They encourage the men to dress fashionably. Homosexuals are also believed to have contributed towards metrosexuality.Despite metrosexuals being totally heterosexual, the homosexual movement helped in the society accepting an effeminate lifestyle and characteristics. Consequently, the society is now very comfortable with homosexuality. Displaying it on television is no longer a taboo since the heterosexual males are now comfortable with the homosexuality culture. Metrosexual men are more sensitive and effeminate than their fathers were. They are have shown willingness to push the restrictive gender boundaries defining what in masculine and what is feminine and still co nsider themselves â€Å"real men.† Metrosexual men are secure in their sexuality. Pedicures and facials do not make them less heterosexual or less masculine. Research has revealed that 43 per cent of men are not satisfied with their general appearance. Sixty-three per cent of them are particularly not happy with their abdomens. This leads to their seeking the services of cosmetic surgeons for minor aesthetic operations. Abdominal liposuction for wiping out love handles has become very popular. Lip augmentation surgeries and Botox injections have also become very popular among men.Opting for cosmetic surgery among men is usually a last resort in improving their personal appearance. They dress well, groom well and move to cosmetic surgery. These procedures include laser skin resurfacing, chin augmentation and eyelid surgery. Sometimes metrosexual men’s preoccupation with personal appearance can take to the extremes. It can interfere with schoolwork, career and relationsh ips. This is where a therapist’s advice should be sought to create a healthy and more sensible approach to personal appearance. All men, regardless of their sexual orientation, are developing a big interest in their personal appearance.They visit hairdressers instead of barbers. They also avoid the use of soap because they say it is harsh on the skins, go to the gyms instead of sports, and find it difficult to decide what to wear. They spend a lot of time on the mirror, in boutiques and bars instead of pubs. They also dance at night clubs and go to salons. Marketers have responded to this trend by dropping the macho element from all the products that target men. Tough male images have completely been done away with even on car and beer advertisements. Fashion chains for men are increasing.Some women’s stores like Esprit have launched products for men as well. Men’s magazines have their fashion coverage since more ads are coming in. Fashion and grooming adverts f or FHM, a men’s magazine, have been increasing for the past three years. Two decades, vanity, skin care and male fashion were identified with homosexuals. This has now been abandoned. Even the workplace has experienced changes for men. The growing number of white collar workers brings with it the need for good appearance. For effective competition in the work environment, one must take care of his body, cut his hair neatly and dress well.Even beer marketers are using a less masculine tone in communicating with men. They have also changed the how they buy their electronic goods, cars and home ware. In buying of electronic goods, for instance, men are no longer interested in the traditional male attributes such as gadgetry and technical features. Instead they follow what could be called female attributes such as the store’s environment, service and other intangible attributes. Vehicle advertisers are emphasizing more on the people driving and their feelings and not the v ehicle’s physical specifications (Trubo, 2008). Proponents’ viewTraditionally, men are supposed to avoid feminity, restrict their emotions, disconnect sex from intimacy, pursue achievement and status and be self reliant, aggressive and homophobic. However, statistics have shown that pursuing achievement and status has lost its importance compared to how it was in the past. Restricting emotions and disconnecting emotions from intimacy is no longer important to men either. Men do not find sexual freedom enthralling any more. The modern man shows less avoidance of femininity and embraces attitudes and customs that were stereotypically a reserve for women.Masculinity has had a considerable shift over the years. The modern concept of masculinity is very different from that of ancient times. Certain aspects of modern style and behavior perceived as feminine were actually masculine in the past. They include jewelry and makeup. Feminity came to conquer masculinity and the latt er became restricted (Simpson, 2002). Metrosexuality is seen as a counter-reaction against this change. Some men have a feeling that they are too restricted within their gender roles. It is a way of establishing more equality between men and women by shifting towards androgyny.Cultural and attitude changes towards masculinity have led to changes in the conservative masculine norms. This can often be seen in the media, especially TV shows Culture and the environment had to change for the metrosexual men to start appearing. According to Simpson, gays gave the initial prototype for metrosexuals. Media has played a major role in portraying metrosexuality as straight. It has bought them out as heterosexual men keeping touch with their feminine side. They coordinate colors, are deeply concerned about exfoliation and are manscaped.Consumer culture encouraged men to go shopping, buy magazines and spend freely to improve appearance. Consumer capitalism has helped in doing away with unmoistur ised, repressed and old-fashioned heterosexuality in favor of metrosexuality. The conservative, self-denying, straight and modest man did not do much shopping. He had a duty to earn money to be spent by his wife. He was substituted by a different kind, who has more interest in his image than his so called identity. This metrosexual man is more concerned at how he is being looked at.This man has been so much sought by the advertisers. Some people are of the view that metrosexuality is a phenomenon that just occurred naturally. Metrosexuality will very soon become our everyday vocabulary. Being metrosexual should not be treated as wrong. Those against metrosexuality use stereotypes to argue out their stand. Such stereotypes expect men to be insensitive, cold-hearted, thug-looking and grungy, which is not the reality. Ironically, many respected icons like Diddy, Usher and Kanye West are actually metrosexual but are role models to many.When we look at individuals who embrace metrosexual ity, we notice that they do not attach themselves to gender norms of the society. But clearly, metrosexuals are making an attempt to be different and find who they really are. This mindset is as old as mankind. Every society has a small group of people who look at what is normal for only a specific time before creating a different â€Å"normal† to express themselves. In most cases, this bears fruit in cinema, art and music. In the society, men and women expected to follow specific guidelines for their gender.Failure to following these rules qualifies one to be labeled as an outcast. Despite the society accepting metrosexuality in men, it is still hesitating in allowing heterosexuals to create a unique guideline to be followed. The opponents’ view By the society accepting and integrating homosexuality, many strange cultural customs have been created. On the other hand, metrosexuality has caused even greater havoc but silently. It has been argued that metrosexuals act ga y, causing social interaction problems since they are straight with identity issues. This eventually starts affecting even family lives.Divorce rates are on the increase since men cannot keep their word and women having to take up men’s jobs. Great leaders world over have encouraged strong family institutions. They argue that these are the foundations of strong civilization. But since families are breaking up, the society will also follow the same course. Opponents assert that metrosexuality has had a great impact on dating nowadays. Dating is today a complicated ritual more often than not ending up in heartbreaks rather than providing a learning experience for those involved. Worse still, many cannot find dates while others play around with other people’s hearts.Others engage in dangerous sexual behavior. It is argued that if women acted like women and men like men, the laws of attraction would take effect and make relationships interesting and healthy. Men must be de cisive, driven but understanding while women must be caring, delightful, free and loyal. This balance can never find a replication in any other way (Serio, 2006). It is common for men and women to go the same salons, wear the same jeans, watch sports together and share beer. They even watch the same movies. Opponents of metrosexuality argue that this phenomenon spells disaster.They refer to it as â€Å"unisexification. † These opponents have linked unisexification to the society’s downfall. They further claim that as men behave like wassies and women become more aggressive, a platform is created that causes family break-ups, gender role reversal and dysfunctional relationships. Kids end up growing in mental and emotional problems. This could lead to more drug abuse and violence. Earlier civilizations knew it. They depicted that the balance is vital for opposites. They argue that if all things were the same, life would be unbearable.Gender equality does not exist. Gende r roles exist and there is a whole lot of difference between the genders. This is in terms of their biological, mental and emotional attributes. These attributes are the foundation of a strong society. They balance and stabilize families, relationships, work, schools and homes (Serio, 2006). People should therefore be themselves. Men should act like they ought to and ladies should behave like ladies should (Serio, 2006). Conclusion The issue of metrosexuality is complex and controversial. There are two arguments about this issue.On is a strong proponent for metrosexuality while the other is opposed to it. One thing remains clear though. The society has changed tremendously over the ages and will continue changing. Some aspects of the society that were so important in ancient ages have now found themselves in oblivion in the modern world. This is because they could not work for today’s society. Traditionally, men and women have particular gender roles. It is evident that these roles have been changing with time to keep up with the world’s advancements. Also, men were stereotypically associated with certain attributes.These were meant to distinguish them from women. They included acting tough, cold-hearted and generally in control. Women were also assigned specific attributes that identified them as ladies. They included being soft, caring, loyal, and supportive and so on. In today’s society, these notions cannot apply in their entirety. This has given rise to the concept of metrosexuality. Metrosexual men are only trying to find themselves. As a matter of fact the future is metrosexual. Gone are the days when men and women alike were restricted to particular gender attributes.People should be allowed to be themselves, and metrosexuality is one such way. There is no doubt therefore that metrosexuality has a future. Reference Coad, D (2008) Gender, Sexuality and Sport Suny Press Flockner, (2004). Metrosexual. Emece Editores Serio, L. (2006):M etrosexuals and the downfall of society, retrieved from www. diserio. com, on November 20, 2008 Simpson, M. (2002). Meet the metrosexual, retrieved from http://www. salon. com, on June 22, 2002. The Age Company (2008)Rise of the Metrosexual, retrieved from www. theage. com, on November 20, 2008 Trubo, R. (2008)Metrosexuals: It’s a Guy Thing; Medicine Net .