Trifles by Susan Glaspell Essay Example for Free

Trifles by Susan Glaspell EssayTrfles By Susan Glaspell I believe had several small specify moments leading to the one larger defining moment, which brings together all of them together. The defining moment is the discovery of the dead shuttle hidden in the pretty red box, this leads back to smaller points such as her sewing and the bird cage. Heres some red. I expect this has got sewing things in it. (Brings out a fancy box.) What a pretty box. Looks want something somebody would give you. Maybe her scissors argon in here. (Opens box. Suddenly puts her hand to her nose.) Why(Mrs. Peters bends nearer, then turns her face a centering.) Theres something draped up in this piece of silk. Its the bird (Glaspell, 2011, p. 144), I believe that the two main characters in this play are Mrs. compel and Mrs. Peters, the sheriffs wife. At first is expects they are part of the background story, that they are there but not part of the main action. When the ladies first sit down in the kitchen they are uneasy about being there and how the situation is making them uncomfort fitting. They feel as if they are judging Mrs. Wright about her house and the way things are.As the ladies dispute her situation they begin to speculate on her guilt. Initially they dont consider Mrs. Wright as having the personality or ability to commit the crime she has been arrested for. However, as the story continues, signs begin emerging that point to the possibility of her guilt, yet they bland are in disbelief. When the author introduces the conjoin, it is easy to assume a mental range of a wo domain under stress using it to calm her. Once the ladies find the bird cage, at first consideration, as certainly the author intended, is what happened to the bird? Did a cat get it? Did it get ill? What could have happened? Then, given new information about the door to the cage is broken, as if someone yanked it open. It still could have been a cat trying to get at the bird, but then Mrs. Wr ight didnt like cats, so that possibility is out. The ladies begin discussing Mr. Wright and how he was a hard man to be around. Here the author begins to give readers more background story of the couple, and plants seeds for reasons to take sides with Mrs. Wright.They describe him as a good man in the way that he didnt drink and paid his debts but was a hard man to be around, and how she was different before she became Mrs. Wright. Comparing her to a songbird, how she liked to sing and be involved in town things like church, giving her a likeable personality prior to her marriage. As they talk and get out time they are looking for her sewing things to take her so she can pass the time, they discover a pretty red box in with her quilting patches. Thinking it is a box for her scissors, they instead find the dead bird. Not just dead but someone has wrung its neck, a violent end to a tiny life. Mrs. Hale knows that Mrs. Wright was going to bury the bird in the pretty box and begins to think about the bird and how the bird would have kept her corporation and the beauty of its singing. Their thoughts turn to Mr. Wright and how he would have hated the birds singing because he killed Mrs. Wrights singing.Mrs. Peters recounts a story of when she was a child and had a cat that was killed in front of her and how it could have, would have, hurt the person that killed her cat. At this point both ladies begin to understand a little more of what happened in the house and why. What do they do though, the men are looking for evidence. Mrs. Peters says It was an awful thing was done in this house that night, Mrs. Hale. Killing a man while he slept, slipping a rope around his neck that choked the life out of him (Glaspell, 2011, p. 145), and as she says this Mrs. Hale compares the similarities between the bird and Mr. Wrights deaths. Mrs. Peters reiterates that they dont know who killed Mr. Wright. As the women sit and talk they begin to think about what it would have been li ke for Mrs. Wright to have that little bird to sing to her and then have silence again.Mrs. Peters relates to Mrs. Wrights situation by sharing her story of having lost a child before, knowing the silence or sadness that comes with a loss like that. Mrs. Hale begins to blame herself for not being a better friend and seeing what was going on, And how she could have been a better neighbor she might have been able to change things. Knowing that they should be blaming themselves for what happened there. Mrs. Peters comments on what the men would think if they could hear them getting carried away with a dead canary the way they are and how absurd they must sound. But would they find it as absurd as they think or would it be the evidence they are looking for?As the men come back downstairs Mrs. Hale decides to try and hide the dead bird but it wont fit in her pocket, at the last second Mrs. Peters puts it in her purse and hides it from the sheriff and attorney that enter the room. With th is action, readers are lead to believe that the women have decided that Mrs. Wright in fact did kill her preserve while he slept, and that they sympathize with her. Perhaps they havent been in the same situation but in a way they empathize with her despondency and sadness, and stand unified to protect her. It is interesting that the women find evidence in the case as where the men are looking and cant seem to come up with anything, to serve as a motive. Another example of how women were perceived in this story is how instead of asking the opinion of the women or if they erect anything all they ask is if the women decided if she was going to quilt-it or knot-it. Well, ladies, have you decided whether she was going to quilt it or knot it? (Glaspell, 2011, p. 144)ReferenceGlaspell, S. (2011). Trifles. In D.L. Pike and A.M. Acosta (Eds.) lit A world of writing stories, poems, plays, and essays VitalSource digital version (pp. 139-145). Boston, MA Pearson Learning Solutions. Acosta, D avid L. Pike and Ana (). Literature A World of Writing Stories, Poems, Plays, and Essays VitalSource eBook for Education Management Corporation 1 (VitalSource Bookshelf), Retrieved from http//digitalbookshelf.southuniversity.edu/books/9780558711825/S1.4/54

The Phantom of the Opera Essay Example for Free

The Phantom of the Opera EssayThe phantom of the opera is e novel by a French writer Gaston Lecroux. It was first published us a serialization in a French daily newsprint named Le Gaulois from September 1909 to January 1910. This story sold very poorly upon publicationIn book form and it was even out of print several times during the twentieth century . But the book is overshadowed by the success of its various fritter away and stage adaptationsThe most notable of these were the 1925 American silent horror film depiction and Andrew Webbers Musical on 1986The story take place in Paris on nineth century and is a romantic drama with a piffling action . There are three main characters , Eric , Christine and Raoul. Un fortuanally they are a love triangle with cristine in the middle .Raoul was cristine s childhood sponsor . He saved her scarf from the sea and since they remained friends.Cristines mother and father both being dead and she lives with Mamma Valerious , the elderly w indow of her fathers benefecrtorCristines father was a famous fiddler who played folk music and during her childhood Cristine listen many stories from her father about the paragon of Music who is the personification of musical inspiration. Before he died told her and Roul the story of Little Lotte , a girl who is visited by the Angel of the Music and possesses a heavenly voice at last Christine take a position in the chorus at the Paris Opera House. She begins hearing a beautiful, unearthly voice which sings to her and speaks to her. She believes this must be the Angel of Music and asks him if he is. The Voice agrees and offers to teach her a little bit of heavens music. The Voice, however, belongs to Erik, a physically deformed and mentally disturbed charismatic whiz who was one of the architects who took part in the construction of the opera. He has been extorting money from the Operas management for many years.Erik kidnaps Christine to his home in the cellars. He plans to keep her there only a few days, hoping she will come to love him, and Christine begins to find him attractive but when she unmask him feeil horror by his ugly face which according to the book, resembles the face of a rotting corpse. Erik change his plans and he decides to keep her with him forever, but when Christine requests release after cardinal weeks, he agrees on condition that she wear his ring and be stanch to him.Up on the roof of the opera house, Christine tells Raoul of Erik taking her to the cellars. Raoul promises to take Christine away where Erik can never find her and to take her even if she resists. Raoul tells Christine he shall act on his promise the following day, to which Christine agrees, but she pities Erik and will not go until she has sung for him one last time. Christine then realizes the ring has slipped off her finger and fallen into the streets somewhere, and begins to panic. The two leave. But neither is aware that Erik has been listening to their conversat ion or that it has driven him to jealous frenzy. During the week and that night, Erik had been terrorizing anyone who stood in his way or in that of Christines career, including the managers.The following night, Erik kidnaps Christine during a production of Faust (by drugging the gas men and switching the lights off, he spirits Christine off the stage before anyone turned the lights on). Back in the cellars, Erik tries to force Christine into marriage. If she refuses he will destroy the entire opera house and everyone inside with explosives he haw in the cellarThen Cristine realise that Raoul and Persian , an old friend of Erics from the past hae come to resue jer but they are trapped in Erics torture chamber. Attemping to save the people above she agrees to marry Eric. Raul and Percian find a way to escape and they fall into where Eric keeps the barrels of gunpowder.Fortunately, the Persian, Raoul, and Christine escaped and Erik is broken-hearted and asks them to bury him with the gold ring when he died. When the advertisement is published that Erik is dead, they make sure that Erik is buried nigh the lake.The author claims the truth of the existence of Erik. He tells that Christine and Raoul eloped to the Scandinavia. He also says that they found a skeleton under the Opera house,a skeleton which he attributes to the Opera tincture

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and the Person Centred Therapy

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and the Person Centred TherapySince the late 20th century, mental hygiene has been described as an important looking in the study of psychology. Due to its importance, psychologists guide been actively involved in the identification of the scathing approaches in counselling and psychotherapy (Corey 2009). Psychologists allow come up with distinct theoretical modelings of counselling that be applicable at different situations during psychotherapy (Fall Holden 2010). The application of these theoretical models of counselling have helped in overcoming the impact of several emotional as well as mental difficulties such as stress, depression, anxiety, anger, and other emotional problems (Fall Holden 2010). However, despite the universal application in solving similar problems in human beings, these theoretical models of psychotherapy possess distinct differences as well as similarities. A comparison and contrast of the major theoretical models in c ounselling is therefore critical in understanding the application of for individually one possibleness in psychotherapy (Corey 2009).This paper compares and contrasts three theoretical models of counselling. For comparison and contrasting purposes, the paper has determine three briny modalities Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, the Person-Centred Therapy, and Gestalt Therapy. This paper will describe the underpinning assumptions of each model, the goals of therapy in likeness to each model, the therapeutic relationship including the fictitious character of the counsellor and the invitee, the key techniques of each model and the major limitations in relation to each particular model. The paper will describe each theoretical model of counselling while equivalence and contrasting with the others utilizing the aforementioned aspects.Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Person-Centred Therapy, and Gestalt TherapyCBT, Person Centred Therapy and Gestalt Therapies are three theoretical models that have been applied in psychotherapy for many years. Despite their similarities and hold in counselling, the three theoretical models hold distinct differences from each other. These differences are realized especially in regard to the assumptions, the goals of each, therapeutic relationship, key techniques of each and limitations (Corey 2009). cosmos one of the more or less preferred theoretical models in counselling, CBT has demonstrated explicit justifications as well as definite rates of success in most of the instances where it has been applied (Brewin 1989). The diversity of its applications in major psychological and emotional problems has also encouraged most psychotherapists to utilize it in therapeutical sessions (Stallard 2002). In contemporary psychotherapy, as described by Stallard (2002), CBT has been mixd with other theoretical models due to its multidimensional nature. CBT has been applied in clinical psychology and other psychological therapies on the grounding of its premise of the importance of thinking about man-to-man actions and feelings in relation to psychological and emotional health (Fall Holden 2010 Ingram Siegle 2000).Person-Centered Therapy was developed by Carl Rogers in the 1940s, and has been a critical theoretical model in counselling. According to Fall Holden (2010), this theory of counselling developed in three different phases. In the first phase, the theory rivet on how the nondirective counsellors conduct differed from that of more directive psychotherapists such as psychoanalysts and behaviour therapists (Fall Holden 2010, p 171). The second phase focused away from the counsellor and firmly onto the knob as a responsible agent whose nature provided the rationale for the counsellors therapeutic conduct (Fall Holden 2010, p 171).The third phase emerged when the theory included past counselling philosophies which formed major requirements of conventional psychology (Vacc Loesch 2000).Gestalt Therapy, on the other hand, emerged in the 20th century. As described by Fall Holden (2010), Gestalt therapy grew from a reaction to untarnished psychoanalysis that permeated the psychological community of the early twentieth century (p. 201). Developed in the 1940s by Frederick Fritz Perls, Gestalt Therapy focused on cultivating growth rather than diseased remediation, (Fall Holden 2010, p 202). Actual psychological experiences are the major emphasis of the gestalt therapy.Underpinning AssumptionsCognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Person-Centred Therapy and Gestalt Therapy have differing underpinning assumptions that make each therapy distinct. CBT assumes that the occurrence of behavioural and emotional problems in most individuals is due to the nature of people incorporating faulty thinking (Dryden Bond 2000). CBT also assumes that the manner in which individuals perform and believe is determined and influenced by individual cognition. The counselling is therefore focused towards th e cognition and behaviour of the individual (Ingram Siegle 2000). During CBT, the importance of decision making, thought, questioning and action is stressed. CBT assumes that counselling is a process that entails learning, acquisition of new talents as well as learning new coping mechanisms for common psychological and emotional problems (Corey 2009, Stallard 2002).In person centred therapy, it is assumed that humans are lordly and due to this positivity, they tend to be inclined towards the achievement of complete functionality of both their bodies and minds (VanKalmthout 1998). In applying this model in counselling, it is assumed that the immediate experiences in an individual have occurred due to lack of past awareness about the problems. The theory has it that after therapy, the individual will possess actualization that will impact on his or her potential to move from being unaware to being aware of his or her feelings, and will have self-importance trust and think positivel y in relation to his or her life (Rennie 1998).Gestalt Therapy assumes that for an individual to achieve personal wholeness in terms of thinking, feelings as well as behaviour, they have to work hard (Brownell 2010). This theory assumes that if an individual is allowed to flashback on past experiences, they will be able to relate them to the present experiences and then connect the two. Fall Holden (2010) claim this model of counselling utilizes an experiential advance that holds its grounds on the immediate experiences therefore emphasizing on individual responsibilities as well as choices.Goals of TherapyThe three theoretical models possess different goals. CBT challenges individuals to face the behaviours, norms, and beliefs that affect their psychological and emotional health (Dryden Bond 2000). CBT also encourages lymph glands to be more aware of their thoughts therefore encouraging clients to deepen their feelings (Vacc Loesch 2000).Person-Centred therapy aims at provid ing individuals with an environment that is safe and favourable for exploring their well being (Rennie 1998). By encouraging clients to explore well being, Person-centred therapy ensures that clients recognize all the challenges that they have faced in their emotional and psychological growth. Further, this therapy enables clients to realise aspects of self worthiness that had been imprecise during their past (Tudor Worrall 2006).The goals of the Gestalt Therapy also differ from those of CBT and person centred therapies. Basically, Gestalt therapy aims at assisting emotionally and psychologically affected individuals in advancing towards self awareness in relation to their day to day experiences (Brownell 2010). This encourages clients to be expansive especially in making choices in regard to their lives. However, the gestalt therapy in contrast with the CBT and person-centred therapies aims at assimilation but not at psychoanalysis which is common in the other two therapies (Fall Holden 2010).Therapeutic RelationshipIn relation to therapeutic relationship, the role of the counsellor and client becomes critical in ensuring that the outcome of the therapy is desirable. In relation to the three theoretical models of counselling under discussion, the therapeutic relationships differ from one model to the other. In each model, the client and therapist hold different roles (Corey 2009).The therapeutic relationship in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, the therapeutic relationship resembles the relationship surrounded by a teacher and a student. The therapist acts as the teacher and the client as the student. According to Romana (2003), the role of the therapist is to give therapeutical instructions to the client who listens and does what the counsellor says. In this relationship, the counsellor employs directive structures to direct clients on behaviour changes (Dryden Bond 2000). In this case, the counsellor acts as the focal point since he impacts often on the cognitive and behavioural changes in the client. However, for desirable results, collaboration is ensured during therapy (Gilbert Leahy 2007).The counsellor utilizes the Socratic dialogue that is critical in supporting clients in tenets such as the identification of the beliefs, norms and values that have impacted on the psychological and emotional functionality (Romana 2003). Further, the counsellor encourages the client to change these beliefs as well as identify an original rule for present and future living. In this case, the counsellor helps in promoting the adoption of remedial skills of learning (DeRubeis, Tang Beck 2001). In this relationship, the client always gets new insights in relation to the problems he/she is experiencing and therefore decides on efficient and effective means of acquiring change (Gilbert Leahy 2007).In the person centred therapy, the therapeutic relationship is distinct from CBT and gestalt. In Person-Centred Therapy, the relationship between clie nt and counsellor is crucial (Tudor Worrall 2006) because therapy is centred towards the client as the client is the focal point of the therapy. Due to this, the counsellor must ensure that respect, genuineness, and empathy towards the client are maintained. Further, communication is also critical in this model especially between the client and the therapist. The relationship must equal as it is crucial in aiding behaviour change in the client (Wilkins 2010).Therapeutic relationships in the Gestalt Therapy hold central significance. The counsellor and client establish a relationship that is centrally placed. In this therapy, the relationship only depends on the nature and quality of the therapeutic measures being given (Brownell 2010). In contrast to CBT and person centred therapies, gestalt therapy depends much on the steads of the counsellor towards the client. The client is his own interpreter hence the counsellor only helps the client to interpret his behaviours and experience s (Brownell 2010). in that locationfore the role of the counsellor is as an aid. The client identifies his experiences and works on how to change the experiences that affect his current psychological and emotional health (Fall Holden 2010).Key TechniquesThere are different techniques applicable in the three models of counselling described in this paper. CBT utilizes techniques aimed at personal counselling. The theory utilizes the Socratic model that entails several questions to be answered by the client. Corey (2009) denotes that therapists utilize a variety of cognitive, emotive, and behavioural techniques diverse methods are tailor to suit individual clients, (p. 466). However, the client is also allowed to ask the counsellor some questions. Further, the theory employs the aspect of homework that encourages the clients to practice the skills learnt. Therefore the major technique of CBT is the alphabet technique that utilizes the Socratic model (DeRubeis, Tang Beck 2001). In client centred therapy, the techniques differ from those of CBT. While CBT applies assignments and Socratic model, Person centred therapy makes use of the attitudes of the counsellor as the major technique. The attitude of the counsellor towards the client determines the outcome of the therapy (Tudor Worrall 2006). However, this therapy utilizes aspects of hearing and listening and clarification of ideas and feelings. This therapy does not utilize techniques that entail directive aspects. In person centred therapy, there is no look into and questioning common aspects in CBT therapy (Wilkins 2010). In the Gestalt therapy, the techniques used contrast those of CBT and person-centred therapy. As asserted by Corey (2009), this therapy uses a wide range of experiments designed to intensify experiencing and to integrate conflicting feelings, (p. 466).LimitationsThough the theoretical models of counselling described in this paper are necessary in counselling, each model has several limit ations. The CBT is believed to have an aspect of playing down the emotions of the clients. It lacks the focus on determining the underlying unconsciousness in the clients and due to this fails in relating the clients past with the present experiences. Since it entails confrontation, this therapy may witness cases of border as most clients may not cope with its expectations (Fall Holden 2010). The limitations of the person centred therapy are distinct as compared to those of CBT and Gestalt. Since the therapist is a passive entity during this therapy, cases of limited responses are occasional. There is lack of direction for most clients since the counsellor remains inactive (Wilkins 2010). In cases when crisis occurs, the clients will lack support. The theory lacks the application of novel knowledge hence cases of inflexibility are common (Tudor Worrall 2006). In Gestalt Therapy, limitations include expressions of emotion due to the techniques that are employed. Clients in most c ases fail to acquire or reach the required thresholds of the therapy since cognitive aspects are not dealt with.ConclusionThis paper has described three theoretical models including CBT, Person-Centred and Gestalt. The paper has explored the underpinning assumptions of each model while comparing and contrasting the assumptions. It has also identified the goals of each therapy as well as the therapeutic relationships. The paper has also compared and contrasted the key techniques utilized in the three models as well as the limitations of each model. Although it is established that each of the three models is distinct from the other in terms of the described concepts, the three theoretical models are critical in psychotherapy.

Mainstream internationalisation theories

Mainstream internationalisticisation theoriesMainstream Internationalisation TheoriesInstead of looking at the global strategy of the MNE from the viewpoint of centering science, merchandise placeing, and decision system, it is necessary to find to a greater extent explicitly the economics of the foreign enthronisation decision.International business activity is not a new-fashioned phenomenon. However, the slap-up majority of foreign investment until the late 1940s was in the form of portfolio capital, which international capital surmise explained as the flow of capital among countries in the pursuance of higher returns. After World War II, the volume of foreign compute investment (FDI) grew tremendously and was increasingly directed away from primary goods and towards friendship-based harvest-times that could be produced in genuine countries. Neoclassical economic theory, with its supposition of holy marketplaces and internationally immobile factors of fruit, could not easily accommodate this post-war boom in FDI. So, beginning with the publication of the product cycle theory by Raymond Vernon (1966) and Stephen Hymers dissertation (written in 1960 and published 1976), an outpouring of writings has focused on extending the theoretical foundations of the concept of foreign direct investment.The accusatory of this chapter is to provide a review of the mainstream literature on internationalisation. Given my research problem, the focus is on theories that consider transnational expansion at the inviolable level. Among former(a)s, the investment development path (IDP) concept and Ozawas tandom growth treatment of the flying geese metaphor are popular frameworks for considering FDI. They are not included, however, since their research setting is that of the economy as a whole.Despite considerable disciplinary diversity, a mainstream internationalisation construct with three major approaches can be identified Theories of the MNE, Internationalisa tion Process Models, and Network-based Approaches to Internationalisation. The starting line of these, Theories of the MNE, is outlined in subdivision 2.1. Since these MNE theories welcome been criticised on the grounds that they may explain the existence of the international secure but not how the firm got there, slit 2.2 reviews Internationalisation Process Models, which more explicitly focus on the dynamic swear out of internationalisation. Section 2.3 examines leading network-based approaches to internationalisation. The chapter concludes with a summary of the points that are most relevant to my thesis and an assessment of the limitations of the mainstream internationalisation literature.Theories of the MNEThis section presents the economics-based literature on MNEs, beginning with Hymers seminal work. Following a review in Sections 2.1.2 and 2.1.3 of incorporation Theory and Dunnings OLI framework, Section 2.1.4 focuses on theorisations specific to create- clownish MNE s. Monopolistic Advantage TheoryHymers (1960) work represented a major departure from the standard orthodox theory of international treat and capital movements. The standard neoclassic trade theory of Heckscher and Ohlin, for example, carried restrictive assumptions about the immobility of factors of occupation and identical outturn functions across national boundaries. And in the neoclassical financial theory of portfolio flows, multinational enterprises had been viewed simply as arbitrageurs of capital in response to changes in interest rate differentials. Hymer argued that explanations for why firms engage in international production should be based on an analysis of the MNE from an industrial organisation emplacement. According to Hymer (1976), Kindleberger (1969), and Caves (1971), MNEs emerged because of market imperfections. These imperfections were structural in nature and resulted from the control of ownership expediencys, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as special acc ess to inputs, scale economies, gathered managerial expertise, proprietary engineering, and product differentiation (Kalfadellis and Gray 2003 3). The result of these barriers to portal was a divergence from perfect competition in the final product market. MNEs would seek to internalise these ownership advantages by establishing noncompetitive-type advantages finished the vertical integration of the potential licensee (Hymer 1976). Internalising operations could lead to gains much(prenominal) as equal reductions, product quality improvements, and innovation. For Hymer, though, the firm internalises or supersedes the market (1976 48) primarily because, by internalising international economic activity, the MNE has an opportunity to further advance its monopolistic advantage. In short, it is the pursuit by firms of market power and monopolistic advantages in a foreign market that largely drives the international expansion of domestic firms. Internalisation TheoryA criticism raised in the 1970s about Monopolistic Advantage theory was that it did not differentiate betwixt imperfections brought about by market structure (i.e., the outlet and size of enterprises on both the demand and supply sides) and those associated with transaction greets. By not doing so, Buckley and Casson (1976) and others argued Hymer had failed to incorporate the insights of Coases (1937) concept of market failure. Coases theory of the firm contended that, contrary to the classical understanding in which charge mechanisms optimally coordinate markets, market failure can occur as costs associated with the price mechanism develop (such as finding buyers and sellers, and the costs involved with negotiating, coordinating, monitoring, and enforcing contracts, and costs associated with government regulations and taxes). The operation of markets is therefore not costless, and the firm is an organising unit that supplants the price mechanism. national firms would prefer to use internal pri ces in the face of excessive costs in the outside market. Firms therefore seek to avoid these costs by internalising them wheresoever the market is non-existent or when it is cheaper for the firm to undertake the activity internally rather than via the market mechanism.To Coase, markets and firms were alternative methods for organising economic exchanges. The choice between the two depended on whether a firm evaluated the transaction costs of an exchange to be scorn if carried out at bottom the firm than through the market. Where the costs of such transactions are lower when carried out within the firm than through the market, the activity will be internalised under the firms ownership and control. The concept of transaction costs was more fully true by Williamson (1975) and Chandler (1977). Transaction cost theory extended Coases work by substituting a conception of contractual man for neoclassical theorys economic man. Its starts with the assumption that markets are the natural mechanism of economic organisation (Williamson 1975 21), and that market failures lead to the replacement of certain market relations by internalising these relationships within a firm. The deficiencies of the market system are seen to be rooted in bounded rationality (i.e., the lack of perfect knowledge which means that agents cannot foresee all possible spate to incorporate in the contract) and opportunism (i.e., agents make decisions based on self-interest, thus making the contract difficult to enforce).Drawing upon Coases (1937) theory of the firm and Williamsons (1975) and Chandlers (1977) transaction cost theory, Buckley and Casson (1976) argued that these same insights can be applied to the global arena to explain the growth of MNEs. Accordingly, Buckley and Casson explained international expansion as occurring whenever a market imperfection exists and a firm can gain strategic benefits by internalising a market across national boundaries and exploiting the advantage this g ives it in competition with others. This results in the growth of the firm. merely as a firm may increase its efficiency through internalising transactions, the vertical integration of global operations may lead to economies and efficiencies. These include long contracts through more efficient governance structures, the chance to exploit tax differentials and foreign exchange controls, better quality control, and RD benefits.Brown (1976) overly combined insights from Coases theory with transaction cost theory and applied it to international expansion. He put particular emphasis on the point that there are higher market transaction costs and more expenses associated with internal organisation abroad than in the domestic environs. Teece (1983) added the insight that incorporation can excessively be advantageous when vertically-integrated firms get to secure their supply of intermediate goods. So, whereas transaction cost theory aims to explain the existence of the firm, the aim of internalisation theory is to explain its multi-plant operation over situation (Casson 1982). And whereas Hymer argued that it is the pursuit of market power that drives MNE growth, Buckley and Casson (1976) argued that once transaction costs are internalised they do not necessarily lead to an increase in rent by the MNE. However, they can result in savings for the MNE, and it is this potential cost minimisation that provides the impetus for MNEs to expand their operations via the internalisation of transaction costs. Internalisation theory has been a dominant construct in the last quarter century of international business literature in relation to the growth of the MNE and FDI. However, it does restrain weaknesses. For instance, internalisations inherent intangibility makes it difficult to empirically test (Kalfadellis and Gray 2003 10). Buckley, describing internalisation as a concept in search of a theory (Buckley 1983 42), argued that a theory of necessity to do more than assert firms will internalise when the cost of using markets or contractual agreements is higher than that of organising it within the firm it needs to explain why there were difference of opinions in costs between market and intra-firm organisation (Hennart 1986 791).It has also been seen as overly-preoccupied with the costs of organising transactions in markets, leading it to under-appreciate other relevant costs, particularly those associated with managing firms across borders (Demsetz 1988). An argument has been made that it does not sufficiently distinguish between a firms willingness and its capability to become more international (Dunning 1993). These types of limitations led Calvet (1981), among others, to question whether the assumption that firms expand overseas because they can internalise transactions within their hierarchies (just as they do within a domestic context) is a full enough explanation. Calvet argued quite for a theory of transnational expansion that expli citly included both the multinational-the foreign-character of the activity as well as the internalisation of transactions within a single firm. Dunnings OLI ParadigmA third landmark development in MNE theory was Dunnings OLI figure of speech, sometimes referred to as the eclectic paradigm. Countering Rugmans (1982 1985) claim that internalisation is a world-wide all-encompassing theory which can explain FDI, Dunning (1980 1988 1993 1995 2000) declare the importance of internalisation theory but argued that setting out to explain the growth of international production as a market replacing activity (Dunning 1988 24) explains further part of the FDI phenomenon. Dunning argued that a full explanation required the integration of the insights from three margins of economic theory industrial organisation, international trade theory, and internalisation theory into a general theoretical framework.1 Each dimension on its own was insufficient to explain the multinational firms meshi ng in foreign production.According to Dunning, a firm must perceive certain advantageous conditions before it engages in cross-border investment. These advantages are rationally considered within the firms decision-making process. The jump relates to ownership (O) advantages, which, following Hymer, refer to assets or resources capable of generating a future income stream that could compensate for the higher costs of operating abroad. Ownership advantages are endogenic to the firm and refer to intangible assets and/or property rights. These O advantages give the firm a competitive edge vis vis other firms. The second factor is internalisation (I) advantages, which encourage a firm to internalise operations for production via foreign direct investment rather than through exporting or licensing to a local anesthetic anaesthetic producer. In other words, the firm must perceive the benefits of internalising of operations to be greater than the need to utilize markets. If a firm perce ives it has sufficient O and I advantages, whence it will examine a third set of conditions, location (L) advantages. Choosing a foreign location is one of the key decisions made by a firm since the financial and human capital invested must generally be long-term in nature. Drawing upon the insights of location theory, Dunnings L advantages were considered to be external to the firm and determine which host country is selected for expansion. (A fourth condition later added by Dunning 1993 asserted that a firms international investment activities must harmonize with its long-term vigilance strategy.) In the eclectic paradigm, all three of these conditions must exist for FDI to occur. If a firm only perceives it has ownership advantages, then it would be likely to license abroad. If it also perceives internalisation advantages, then it would be likely to exploit its O advantages through exporting. It is only when location advantages are also perceived that the firm may consider FDI (Dunning 1993 196).Dunnings OLI paradigm has been welcomed for its conceptual richness-it integrates many partial approaches to the subject and therefore addresses a larger number of the factors considered in the decision to internationalise-and it has withstood some empirical testing (Dunning 1979, 1983, 1988). However, it has also frequently been criticised, particularly on definitional grounds. For example, Rugman and Dunning had a long-running public debate over whether Dunnings concepts of ownership and location advantages were already encompassed in the theory of internalisation (Parry 1985). In a similar vein, Buckley (1988) suggested that considering ownership advantages as a separate category results in double counting as the O advantage of Dunnings OLI triumvirate is already accounted for by I (internalisation advantages) since the firm seeks to carry out a strategic move by internalising the market and thus exploits this advantage in competition with other firms.Respondi ng to definitional criticisms, Dunning (1995) argued that, in personal line of credit to how they are conceived in internalisation theory, ownership advantages are endogenous rather than exogenous variables already belonging to the firm. Accordingly, he stressed a definitional division between ownership advantages, which are already possessed by firms, and internalisation advantages, which result from the firms exploitation of market imperfections.The electric paradigm has become a leading preparation for FDI, and as such there now many variants within the approach. For example, another eclectic framework that is pertinent to my thesis concentrates on understanding how a firm chooses among various entry modes. In comparison to Dunnings OLI paradigm, the framework by Hill et al. (1990) emphasised the control of resources, resource commitment, and the dissemination risks of entry. They argued that firms rationally weigh different entry modes with the need to control their foreign op eration. The amount of control a firm can exercise varies from minimal in the case of licensing to maximally high in wholly-owned subsidiaries. A firm also weighs the resource commitment that is involved with the different entry modes, and the risk that its firm-specific advantages could be disseminated or expropriated by a partner. As discussed in Chapter 5, the latter danger was frequently highlighted by my interviewees as an influence on their internationalisation decisions. though eclectic models such as those by Hill et al. and Dunning have a dominant place in the MNE and FDI literature, they do have significant shortcomings. Some critics find the emphasis on the initial phase of internationalisation makes them unhelpful. Others have argued that inadequate attention was given to the insight that firms make cross-border investments not just to reap benefits from existing ownership advantages but to create new ones, such as acquiring knowledge in new markets or access to resource s. Also, the broadness of the eclectic decision-making framework has made it difficult to formulate operationally testable theories of foreign direct investment processes, especially given the heterogeneity of firms. Various proxy measures have been employed as a means for measuring internalisation, but the validity of proxies in general has been contested (Kalfadellis and Gray 2003 11). Similarly, ranking the large variety of strategic alternatives the firm can choose among is methodologically problematic.Two other criticisms of the eclectic decision-making paradigm have been particularly acute and are of specific concern given the subject of this dissertation. The first is that they principally focus on relatively large firms from developed countries. Dunnings OLI paradigm, in common with the other theories of the MNE reviewed in Section 2.2, was developed primarily in response to the experiences of post-war expansion by developed-country multinationals. Transnational firms from create countries, it has been argued, require a different approach (Lall 1983a surface 1983a Khan 1986a Yeung 2004). For instance, as they are frequently much littler than developed country MNEs, their transnational investment choices may be more chunky in nature, in the sense that certain costs that are incurred in international activity will loom relatively larger for small firms than big ones.Second, the eclectic framework has been criticised for its lack of dynamism. While it is not true that Dunnings OLI model has no dynamic dimension, Buckley (1985 18), for example, argued that it does adequately consider the deployment of advantages over time.2 two of these shortcomings are apparent when eclectic frameworks are applied to the phenomenon of Singaporean SME transnational expansion into China.Developing-Country MNE TheoriesA dramatic growth in outward FDI flowing from evolution countries has occurred over the last three decades. Prior to the 1980s, more than 90 per cent of gl obal FDI originated from developed countries. Since the early 1990s, though, the share of outward FDI from developing countries has rapidly large it was over 14 per cent in 2006 (WorldBank 2008). Moreover, aggregate figures conceal the relative intensity of developing-country FDI flows from, and into, certain countries and regions The bulk of this outward FDI-some 67 per cent-has originated from South, East, and Southeast Asian countries (WorldBank 2008). Though the availability and quality of FDI data has been problematic-an important point which is discussed in Chapter 6-it is clear that China has received a particularly large percentage share of FDI originating from developing countries. A number of researchers have argued that MNEs originating in developing countries possess distinctive characteristics in comparison to their counterparts from developed countries (Lall 1983a Wells 1983a Khan 1986a Yeung 1996). One obvious difference is that they are generally much smaller, which may make locational advantages and the internalisation of transactions costs less plausible explanations for internationalisation (Wells 1983a). Though still dwarfed by the number of theoretical and empirical studies investigating developed-country MNEs, research into these unconventional MNEs (Giddy and Young 1982) has by now developed into a large body of literature that can be divided into two categories first-wave and second-wave literature.The so-called first-wave literature emerged in the late 1970s and was primarily concerned with the cost advantages of developing-country firms in comparison with their competitors from developed countries. Two strands of literature dominate. One is based on Wellss (1983) application of the product cycle concept (originally associated with Vernons seminal article 1966) to the situations found in developing countries. The second dominant strand of first wave literature is associated with Lall (1983).Wells contended that an understanding of dev eloping country transnational firms could be undertaken by put one overing Vernons concept of the product cycle (1966), which explained changes in production locations as a reaction to different stages in a products life cycle. Vernons argument was that a new product had to be produced in the home country since it was unstandardised and thus production needed to be monitored close to the products source of innovation and markets. As the product matured and became standardized, producers would increasingly become concerned about production costs and seek cheaper production sites elsewhere. Thus, Vernons model suggested that locations of production moved from developed countries to less developed ones as products went through their life cycle over time. This would then explain investment flows from developed- to less developed-countries, and flows among less-developed countries.The uniqueness of Wells approach lies in his application of the product cycle concept to explain the emerge nce of developing-country transnational firms. Wells suggested that the markets and characteristics of developing countries influence local firms to innovate in ways that are more suited to the development conditions found in their country. In particular, he pointed to the smaller size of the markets and relative abundance of cheap labour in developing countries as key influences on local firms. Wells suggested that firms developing in this miscellany of environment could build their initial advantages from descale manufacturing, a process of adapting technologies from developed countries to suit less developed markets by reducing scale, replacing machinery with manual labour, and relying on local inputs. The cost advantages to be derived from descale manufacturing would constitute a very important ownership advantage, and, to exploit these costs advantages, developing country firms would concentrate on serving the price-sensitive market instead of the specialty markets dominated b y firms with the resources for massive marketing. This kind of low-cost, low-price competitive strategy would largely confine the transnational expansion of developing country firms to those markets of other developing countries at or below the host countrys economic status. Changes over time in investment flows would occur as this cost advantage was gradually undercut by the catch up of local firms or affiliates of advanced-country multinationals. Wellss model has been influential, though it does seemingly suggest a rather disheartened future for developing-country transnational firms (Wells 1983 and Aggarwal 1984).Taking a different approach, Lall (1983) argued that the smaller size of production in developing countries was not by itself evidence of a descaling advantage (1983 11). He did not share Wellss pessimism over the sustainability of developing-country firms, asserting instead that such firms could generate their own sustainable proprietary assets to be exploited successf ully in transnational operations. Lall saw the development of these proprietary assets as entailing different innovations than those used by multinationals from developed countries for instance, they would come from widely diffused technologies and from a special knowledge of developing-country markets. They would be sustained, Lall contended, by the localisation of technical change and the irreversibility of such change. So, developing-country firms could develop products more suitable to developing-country markets, and innovations could be localised around techniques more relevant to developing-country market conditions (such as cheap labour). Thus, according to Lall the ownership advantages of developing-country transnational firms come about not because of their ability to descale manufacturing technologies to smaller markets, but rather are derived from their greater knowledge of operations and conditions in developing-country markets (see also Kimura 2007). Such advantages wou ld not necessarily be eroded over time, as suggested by Wells, since firms could engage in RD and go on learning. Challenging these models by Wells and Lall is the so-called second-wave literature that emerged in the early 1990s. This new strand was a response to the apparent changes that were seen to characterize more recent developing-country transnationals. For instance, it was observed that they were investing in markets farther away from home, in some cases in highly competitive markets such as the United States and European Union, and in new sectors, some of which did not depend on labour-intensive techniques. Moreover, the ownership-specific advantages of the newer transnational firms had changed. No longer did they seem primarily dependent on small-scale, labour-intensive technology, low-price, and low-cost operations. Now, they appeared to also derive ownership advantages from their ability to accumulate expert capabilities and to improve their production efficiency (Dunn ing 2000). This last observation in particular encouraged second-wave theorists to apply the concept of technological accumulation to try to understand the more recent transnational expansion of developing-country firms (e.g., Dunning 2000 Ulgado et al. 1994). The result was a model that proposes that over time technological accumulation can lead to a more sophisticated structure of outward investment. This gradually comes about, it was argued, as firms accumulate technological expertise and experience in foreign markets. Although their technological capabilities are not based on frontier technology, developing-country firms are believed to innovate and accumulate technological skills that will be appropriate to the environment of developing-country markets. Thus, a firms initial outward investment, which is originally centred on resource-based and simple manufacturing activities in markets close to home, changes to focus on more sophisticated manufacturing activities, eventually ev en to research-intensive and secern products. Through this path, second-wave theorists suggested, firms can enhance their technological capabilities over time, which will improve their ownership advantages, and, eventually, allow them to catch up with competitors from developed countries. A variant within the second-wave approach was proposed by van Hoesel (1997). He argued that firms from developing countries begin their technological accumulation process by gradually climbing the value-added ladder, from shop floor production operations upward to other value-added functions such as marketing or RD activities. They need to do this, according to van Hoesel, because developing countries are latecomers to the industrialisation process and therefore their firms do not have significant proprietary innovations (in some respects, van Hoesels approach is similar to the Late Industrialisation framework, reviewed in Section 2.3.3). The ownership advantages of developing-country firms are th erefore seen to lay initially in the lower value-added production units, with international expansion largely a function of the incremental accumulation of technology that moves the firm up to more sophisticated operations. This incremental technological accumulation process is also held to determine the organisational form of the firm, with early investment forays typified by lower-risk and less-committed forms, such as sales representatives and joint ventures with local partners, and later investment characterised by more complex forms, such as wholly owned subsidiaries or acquisitions of local firms.Despite the valuable insights provided by both the first- and second-wave literature, it has generated criticism on methodological, empirical, and theoretical grounds. From a methodological point of view, Ulgado et al. (1994 125) raised the important point that most of these studies of investment by developing-country firms consist mainly of macro-level considerations at the expense o f micro-level studies of organisational, operational, and managerial workings. These aggregate analyses often fail to reveal the detailed dynamism of the internationalisation process and the other aspects of business organisation, such as the cultural, political, and social context. Moreover, the FDI from some countries is heavily concentrated in particular markets or industries, and this may lead to research bias. For example, van Hoesel acknowledged that, as his study was of Korean and Taiwanese MNEs in the electronics industry, his conclusions might not be applicable to other developing country MNEs (1997 239). In fact, it should be more pointed out more generally that the availability and quality of FDI data from developing countries is hold in and therefore conclusions drawn from it may not be reliable. In short, more studies at the firm level are called for to provide insights on the internationalisation behaviour of MNEs from developing countries. Section 2.1 has reviewed a number of conventional economics-based theories of FDI. They share the perspective that FDI is motivated by a firms desire to exploit its proprietary advantages abroad. These advantages are seen as transferable from country to country within a firm, but transferred only with difficulty between firms. While the proprietary advantages from developed-countries are derived from frontier technologies and sophisticated management and marketing, those for investors from developing-countries are embodied in imported technologies that have been localised through imitation and adaptation. These theorisations, however, are often criticized for their rather aggregated analyses and for their emphasis on explaining the structure of MNEs as opposed to the process by which firms internationalise. The following section reviews models that explicitly concentrate on the dynamics of transnational expansion.Internationalisation Process ModelsInternationalisation process theorising began with the early s tudies carried out in the 1970s by a pigeonholing of Scandinavian scholars. Unlike the economics-based theories reviewed in Section 2.2 which accept the neoclassical economic model of rational agents exhibiting optimizing behaviour as a core assumption, the so-called Scandinavian School is rooted in the behavioural theory of the firm (Cyert and March 1963 Hosseini 2005 528-9). The behavioural dimension is the assumption that learning takes place in response to limited cognitive capabilities in a complex and uncertain environment. Accordingly, internationalisation process models attribute the timing of market entry, its structural form, and its development over time as functions of the increasing commitment of managers to foreign markets. The process behind this increasing commitment is not (neoclassical) rational executive decision-making but an incremental learning trajectory that is human- and history-dependent.A variety of internationalisation process models can be found in the literature. These have often been divided into two groups (Andersen 1993). The first group is the so-called innovation-related lear

Absurdism In The Stranger And Metamorphosis English Literature Essay

Absurdism In The Stranger And Metamorphosis English Literature set nearThe theme of absurdism used by Franz Kafka and Albert Camus does full justice to bring come out of the closet the pathos in both The foreigner and The Metamorphosis by Albert Camus and Franz Kafka. They establish the unsettling worldly concern of the both the protagonists. The present situation of the narrators brings to life incidents that justify their unpleasant situations and what they are going through in their respective lives. Where existentialism questions mans existence in a particular social system absurdist investigates characters that are placed in society that is devoid of God and how syllogism and parody loom large over the entire situation. thus The Outsider and Metamorphoses have existentialism and absurdism as the philosophical tools that take these stories ahead.Camus concretizes an absurdly dramatic story of a man who has no emotions in him evidently in the opening lines Mother died today. Or maybe yesterday, I dont know. I had a telegram from the home Mother passed away. Funeral tomorrow. Yours sincerely. That doesnt mean anything. It may have been yesterday. He- does not compensate feel obliged to justify his reason behind such odd and discourteous avoiding of any mad involvement. Speaking briefly with the director of the home, Mersault tells him that he did not feel any guilt at having sent his mother away. He even declines an invitation to view the body, further keeps vigil with it overnight, in accordance with the custom. When asked by the mortician how old his mother was, he replies Fairly, for in truth he doesnt know her exact age. His going for a swim with a woman of his acquaintance at an inopportune time proves once again futility of his life.As an embodiment of absurdism, Mersault doesnt see any need to fulfill or dispel the discomfort from the minds of the people as his nature was very offending to other people. He seemed completely inhuman, and never believed it was important to live up to the expectations of others and follow etiquette. According to me, every human organism goes through the kind of unpleasant and embarrassing situations Mersault and Gregor face but it principally depends on how a writer decides to detail and sketch these characters.There is a funeral procession, in the heat of the day, across the parched, sun-drenched landscape, and once again, Mersault is disturbed by the light, the sun, and the heat, and feels unable to concentrate. This uncanny effect to the point of blinding ones vision evinces unjustifiable discomfort Mersault exudes towards the society.The Outsider is set in Algiers, where our protagonist Mersault, who was a bachelor, is leading a life that questions his existence. He does not show any interest in his job and does not believe in socializing with other people around him. As the story goes ahead, the reader gets to see the quirkiness of Mersault towards the world with conflicting emotions that make him rive a deadly crime. This marked nature of Mersault is brought out in the narrative in many incidents in the book one of them being in chapter quaternity where he is not at all concerned about Raymond torturing his wife. He responds matter of factlyAt about 3 in the morning there was a knock on my door and Raymond came in. I didnt get up. I sat at the edge of my bed. He didnt say anything for a minute and I asked him how it had gone. He told me that he had done what he wanted to do but shed slapped him and so hed beaten her up. Id seen the rest. I told him I thought that this time shed in truth been punished and he ought to be pleased. Mersaults brusque attitude towards other people around him reckons him as an outcast.I feel that the writers philosophical stance is unique, as he puts immense emphasis on the belief of absurdism and we need to understand what absurdism is ? Absurdist fiction is the manifestation of certain beliefs that dominated the works of a number of playwrights during the middle of the nineteenth century. This form of fiction implies that in a world that is devoid of God, the existence of human being shall have no strong foundation, it would be meaningless. The absurd elements in such plays and fiction were the fact that man has been thrust into a world where he cannot survive on his own instincts but is maneuvered by a perpetrate invisible to him. He is caught up in paradoxical situations and finds no reprieve by communicating or logical action. His actions and dialogues turn out to be a mockery of his own existence.The best part about the narrative is that it does not preach with a message but at the same time does pass to ask us some important questions about humans and their social existence. The narrative is kept simple but is compelling nevertheless. Therefore, the work is a grammatical construction of Camuss moral axiom.Like Camus, Kafka too was existential philosopher and adapted to an absurdist way in carrying t he narrative of his stories ahead as traces of his style are evident in his letter to Max Brod.In Franz Kafkas The Metamorphosis, the absurdist and existentialist elements form the main parts of Kafkas narrative. The story begins with the line When Gregor Samsa awoke from troubled dreams one morning he found that he had been change in his bed into an enormous bug. After realizing that his life would never be the same again Gregor starts realizing certain truths about his existence which had not come to his acknowledgment before. He starts to reflect on his own being. Till the day before he had been a hardworking salesman who looked after his family but now he cannot pass over the same life anymore. Now after Gregors transformation his parents and sister realize that they shall now have to look after Gregor and start making a accompaniment of their own. This leads Gregor into a state of depression which he can only observe but cannot do anything about it. His family is robbed of happiness and normalcy and though they are assay their best to cope with it, their disparity is clearly evident in these lines of the second chapter- Now his sister working with her mother had to do the cooking too of cover that did not cause her much trouble since they hardly ate anything. Gregor was always hearing one of them pleading in vain with one of the others to eat and acquire no answer except thanks, Ive had enough or something similar. They all knew the unpleasantness they had to confront but none of them had an answer to it.I think that both the stories are existentialist and absurd in their narratives, and they both create a long lasting impact on readers and create a serious sense of debate about human existence and the acceptance of social rules. The Outsider is a well juxtaposed prose of absurdism and existentialism. Mersault is a social outcast and his further actions only make him an quarry of ridicule in his own society. One cannot see any kind of redemption f or Mersault in his predicament he is doomed and destined for a calamitous end. The parts of the story where Mersault is wallowing in self doubt are existentialist in theme and the parts where he is unsuccessfully trying to find out the answers that can legitimize his actions are absurdist. Kafkas Metamorphoses sees Gregor going through an amalgamation of emotional, physical and mental dilemmas. His physical transformation into a vermin is the main culprit. This transformation creates an emotional and mental mayhem in him. It can be said about Gregor that he has the answers but is in search of the questions. So, the Metamorphoses begins in an existentialist way but ends with an absurdist plot.

Where Is the Spirit? :: Athletics Hockey School Spirit Essays

Where Is the Spirit?Its Friday night at Matthews Arena where the mens hockey police squad is ready to take on the University of New Hampshire wolfs and it seems as if nobody is here except for UNH fans. Where are the Northeastern fans? Instead of Northeasterns black and red, the Wildcats blue is overtaking the arena. Why is Northeastern so different from other universities who have thriving traditions and throngs of fans at all(prenominal) event? Is it because our sports teams are not as recognized? Or do the students here plainly have better things to do? Many Northeastern University students feel that athletics are comparatively unsupported here since attendance is low at almost all events. This is a Division I school with 19 varsity teams that compete in the America East Conference, with the exception of football in the Atlantic 10 Conference and mens and womens hockey competing in Hockey East. With every win, Northeastern athletics are gaining recognition. The 2002-03 season was the best year overall for Northeastern athletics. Last year, Northeastern sent four teams to the NCAA playoffs and won a come up of seven conference titles including footballs first ever Atlantic 10 title. Several students, when asked about low attendance, suggested the low turnout for football games is because of the fixing of Parsons Field in Brookline, MA a few miles away. Students have to take busses supplied by Northeastern to the field. I withdraw one stadium walk-to(prenominal) to campus definitely would attract more students to games, said Maria Maldonado, a sophomore political science major. Taking the busses to games is such a hassle. Plus, the stadium is like a high school stadium. One student said that she liked Boston Universitys setup because fields were closer to campus making it easier to watch games.I think if it were closer it would help. The BU soccer field is right behind some dorms and I have noticed that a lot of people watch those games because it is e asy to just stop by, said Amanda Lowe, a sophomore journalism major. The Huskies Homecoming football game was on October 18th at Parsons Field. The field has a capacity of 7,000. At Homecoming, more than 6,000 were in attendance. It was a good turnout but when compared to another Division I school such as the University of Wisconsin-Madisons football games, which are always filled to capacity at 80,000, Northeastern is just a small gathering.

The Pain of Growing Up Essay -- Personal Narrative, essay about myself

My family and I all told stood in a circle on the second accounting of a parking garage, dreading the moment that was to come, but hiding our true feelings for the time. It was time for us to leave my brother by himself at college, and let him begin his individualist adult life. We had known about this day for weeks. I often joked with my brother about it, telling him how great it would be to finally get him out of the star sign so I could take his room. Sometimes, we would start to grow sad about his leaving, but then reassure ourselves that we would still see plenty of each other, if not too much. That superficial thought had remained in my mind all the way until that tearful moment when it was finally time to say goodbye. As I stood in that cold parking lot, staring at my sibling, all my previous notions of college were smashed. I had always viewed it as a sort of extended summer camp. You go on that point for a while and you have fun doing whatever you do at coll ege and when you come back at the end, it is great to see your family again, and you say goodbye to all your camp friends and h...